Analysis of the Influence of the GPS Errors Occurred While Collecting Electrode Coordinates on the Electrical Resistivity of Tumuli

Pazzi, Veronica; Ceccatelli, Mattia; Ciani, Lorenzo; Patrizi, Gabriele; Guidi, Giulia; Cappuccini, Luca; Catelani, Marcantonio

doi:10.3390/s20102966

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An 𝑎 𝜑 ⁄ = 31.5 means that in case of electrodes with a diameter of 4 mm the "𝑎" distance should be more than 12.6 cm and in case of electrodes with a diameter of 16 mm it should be more than 50.4 cm. It is not unusual to employ these "𝑎" distances in agro-geophysics [8] or achaeo-geophysics [21], [29], where the target is shallow, and a high resolution is needed [29]. Moreover, considering that in micro-geophysics the electrode's diameter range between 1.5 mm -2.0 mm [29], an 𝑎 𝜑 ⁄ = 31.5 means that the inter electrode distance "𝑎" should range between 4.7 cm and 6.3 cm, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations on the Electrode-Spacing-to-Electrode-Diameter Ratio in Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT): An Operational Approach

Ciani,

Patrizi,

Innocenti

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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To develop small-scale, shallow, and high-resolution electrical resistivity surveys (e.g., for archaeological or agricultural purposes) the available literature highlights few requirements in terms of distance between two adjacent electrodes or electrode's length embedded in the soil. Nevertheless, there are no studies about the influence of the electrode's diameter and/or the electrode's diameter to electrode spacing ratio. Thus, this work proposes to investigate this ratio in relatively small-scale surveys (electrode spacing from 10 cm to 100 cm) to define an operational approach. The analysis has been conducted comparing the apparent resistivity data acquired by means of electrodes different in terms of diameter and materials. The apparent resistivity was chosen to avoid the introduction of further errors/approximations caused by the inversion procedure. Overall, six different types of electrodes have been employed and tested. The results of the data analysis emphasize the necessity of take into account the electrode diameter to electrode spacing ratio in the case of small-case Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations on the Electrode-Spacing-to-Electrode-Diameter Ratio in Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT): An Operational Approach

Ciani,

Patrizi,

Innocenti

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…Moreover, being point survey techniques, they necessitate more measurements than indirect survey methodologies such as geophysical techniques. The latter allow the reconstruction of subsurface geometries based on variations in physical characteristics measured from the surface [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Surveys for Geotechnical Model Reconstruction and Slope Stability Modelling

et al. 2023

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Performing a reliable stability analysis of a landslide slope requires a good understanding of the internal geometries and an accurate characterisation of the geotechnical parameters of the identified strata. Geotechnical models are commonly based on geomorphological data combined with direct and intrusive geotechnical investigations. However, the existence of numerous empirical correlations between seismic parameters (e.g., S-wave velocity) and geotechnical parameters in the literature has made it possible to investigate areas that are difficult to reach with direct instrumentation. These correlations are often overlooked even though they enable a reduction in investigation costs and time. By means of geophysical tests, it is in fact possible to estimate the N-SPT value and derive the friction angle from results obtained from environmental seismic noise measurements. Despite the empirical character and a certain level of uncertainty derived from the estimation of geotechnical parameters, these are particularly useful in the preliminary stages of an emergency, when straight data are not available and on all those soils where other direct in situ tests are not reliable. These correlations were successfully applied to the Theilly landslide (Western Alps, Italy), where the geotechnical model was obtained by integrating the results of a multi-parameter geophysical survey (H/V seismic noise and ground-penetrating radar) with stratigraphic and geomorphological observations, digital terrain model and field survey data. The analysis of the triggering conditions of the landslide was conducted by means of hydrological–geotechnical modelling, evaluating the behaviour of the slope under different rainfall scenarios and considering (or not) the stabilisation interventions present on the slope. The results of the filtration analyses for all events showed a top-down saturation mechanism, which led to the formation of a saturated face with a maximum thickness of 5 m. Stability analyses conducted for the same events showed the development of a shallow landslide in the first few metres of saturated soil. The modelling results are compatible with the actual evolution of the phenomenon and allow us to understand the triggering mechanism, providing models to support future interventions.

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“…Electrical Resistivity Tomographies (ERTs) are widely used in many investigation fields (e.g., environmental characterization, engineering geology, hydrogeology, civil engineering, waste investigations, and archaeology. See [1] and references therein). Despite the successes of the ERT method as non-invasive geophysical technique, the accurate resolution in identifying buried objects depth and dimensions strongly depends on the electrodes' spatial distribution (array) over the surface [2]- [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of non-ideal remote pole in Electrical Resistivity Tomography for subsurface surveys

Patrizi

Guidi

Ciani

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

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One of the most used geophysical measurement techniques for soil reconstruction is the Electrical Resistivity Tomography. In many different application fields, the reconstruction of the subsurface must be accurate and precise in order to properly identify the underground target. In many practical cases this will allow to decrease the costs thanks to an easier and more accurate plan of the excavation survey. There are different array geometries that could be used in Electrical Resistivity Tomography depending on the area of investigation. Some of them uses a remote electrode (also known as remote pole) ideally located at infinite distance from the other electrodes. Obviously, since the length of the cable is finite, it is not possible to deploy the remote pole at the theoretical infinite distance. Thus, it is fundamental to understand how this error influence the subsurface reconstruction. Starting from a previous work, this paper compares the output of a Monte Carlo simulation with the results of a measurement survey carried out on an Etruscan tumulus. The location of the remote pole has been changed starting at 50 m up to 150 m from the center of the linear array. The results of both simulations and measurement campaign emphasizes the effects of a non-ideal remote pole in terms of apparent resistivity of the subsurface and colormap-based soil reconstruction.

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Analysis of the Influence of the GPS Errors Occurred While Collecting Electrode Coordinates on the Electrical Resistivity of Tumuli

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Considerations on the Electrode-Spacing-to-Electrode-Diameter Ratio in Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT): An Operational Approach

Considerations on the Electrode-Spacing-to-Electrode-Diameter Ratio in Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT): An Operational Approach

Geophysical Surveys for Geotechnical Model Reconstruction and Slope Stability Modelling

Analysis of non-ideal remote pole in Electrical Resistivity Tomography for subsurface surveys

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