“…Limited studies, particularly in language learning, explored the implementation of certain techniques, such as online project-based learning (OPJBL) in the online environment during Covid-19 (Rahayu & Fauzi, 2020;Randazzo et al, 2021;Siska et al, 2022). In this study, OPJBL is defined as project-based learning conducted online, utilizing learning tools such as social media, video conferencing, and a learning management system.…”