“…There is always a small admixture of 1 H in reactor-grade (high purity) heavy water (with purity > 99:0 wt.% D 2 O, nð 1 HÞ=nð 2 HÞ ' 10 À3 À 10 À2 ). In chemical equilibrium and with no external radiation, almost all hydrogen in the heavy water is in the form of HDO molecules (Bayly et al, 1963;Kim et al, 2011) (and so each HDO in liquid heavy water is bounded by hydrogen bonds into a cluster of D 2 O molecules). In the evaluated nuclear data libraries, there is no special thermal scattering law for 1 H in HDO in heavy water.…”
“…There is always a small admixture of 1 H in reactor-grade (high purity) heavy water (with purity > 99:0 wt.% D 2 O, nð 1 HÞ=nð 2 HÞ ' 10 À3 À 10 À2 ). In chemical equilibrium and with no external radiation, almost all hydrogen in the heavy water is in the form of HDO molecules (Bayly et al, 1963;Kim et al, 2011) (and so each HDO in liquid heavy water is bounded by hydrogen bonds into a cluster of D 2 O molecules). In the evaluated nuclear data libraries, there is no special thermal scattering law for 1 H in HDO in heavy water.…”
“…This method is widely used in analytical chemistry for analysis of deuterium in solution, [26][27][28] physicochemical studies of solids and surfaces, 29 and for the determination of isotopic purity of heavy water. 30 It has also found application for imaging biomedical samples 31 and protein structure studies in biological materials, 32 but its suitability for analysis of deuterium biological fluids does not appear to have been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the precision of ATR FT-IR method and to compare this method with conventional transmission FT-IR for analysis of deuterium in plasma.…”
Conventional methods for measuring the concentration of deuterium in body fluids are by either isotope ratio mass spectrometry or Fourier transformed infra-red transmission (FTIR) spectroscopy. The latter method is often preferred as it is less expensive and time consuming; however, having a lower sensitivity means a larger sample volume is required. This study investigated an alternative FTIR spectroscopic method, attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), which has the potential to provide shorter analysis times while requiring smaller sample volumes. Deuterium was assayed by ATR-FTIR in plasma in the concentration range 0.5 to 2.5 mg mL-1, typical of those observed in tracer dilution measurements of total body water. Minimal sample preparation was required and analysis time was substantially decreased compared to transmission FTIR. Samples were analysed with high precision (CV < 0.5 %). Precision of assay was maintained when assaying plasma volumes of only 10 ïL. The application of the method to the determination of total body water in humans and animals (horses) was demonstrated. A rapid and simple method for the measurement of deuterium in plasma is described that only requires very small sample volumes, rendering the method suitable for use in paediatrics where blood sampling is required to be kept to a minimum.
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