Analysis of the geometric and radiative characteristics of hydrocarbon pool fires

Muñoz, Miguel; Arnaldos, Josep; Casal, Joaquim; Planas, Eulàlia

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.09.001

Cited by 151 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Flames are composed of relatively bright zones, with a high concentration of incandescent soot, and other zones covered by black smoke; both zones contribute to thermal radiation, bright zones having the highest emissive power (E). For the non-luminous (smoke covered) zones, Muñoz et al [8], working with gasoline and diesel oil, found a value of Esoot = 40 kW m -2 , independent of the pool diameter and of the type of fuel. For the luminous, bright zones, they found Elum values ranging between 80 and 120 kW m -2 , depending on the pool diameter and the type of fuel.…”

Section: Pool and Tank Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Hemmatian

Planas

Casal

2015

Reliability Engineering & System Safety

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The domino sequences found in major accidents have been analyzed for a large set of cases (330); the first event triggering the domino effect was an explosion or a fire, both with approximately the same contribution; the same proportion has been found when all domino effect steps were considered. Although fire effects usually reach a distance much shorter than those of an explosion, as fire is the most frequent major accident it is often found as the first step of domino sequences. This is especially true in the case of BLEVEs. Both in fixed plants and in the transportation of hazardous materials, in the event of a fire, if flames affect a vessel and the fireproofing layer has been damaged, a BLEVE can occur at any moment. 127 BLEVE accidents involving domino effect have been analyzed. It has been found that fire is significantly more frequent than explosion, both in triggering the domino effect sequence and in intermediate steps. The time to failure can range from one minute or even less up to several hours, an aspect that should be very important for the management of the emergency. A set of conclusions are inferred from this survey.

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Section: Pool and Tank Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Hemmatian

Planas

Casal

2015

Reliability Engineering & System Safety

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“…The radiation flux calculated by point-source model at the target is 1.577kW/m 2 . Under the same circumstance, the observed mean radiation value is approximately 1.4kW/m 2 [12] To validate the results of multi-point source model with other published data [12], the radiation evaluated at the dimensionless distance of five diameters is also presented in this study. The comparisons of gasoline pool fires are shown as Fig.2.…”

Section: B Multi-point Source Model Of Thermal Radiationmentioning

confidence: 55%

A 3D Simulation approach of Pool Fire

Zhou¹

2013

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE 2013)

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Abstract-Pool fire is a major accident type of flammable liquid. In this paper, a particle system based 3D simulation model of pool fire flame is established. On this basis, a multipoint source model of pool fire thermal radiation is proposed. Each living particle in the particle system is considered as a radiation source. A study case of gasoline pool fire is simulated by this model, and the radiation results evaluated by this model are compared with those evaluated by the point source model and the measured data.

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“…The relationship Eq. (20) for ae = 1.3, c S = 345 m/s and e 1 = 7 (stoichiometric hydrocarbon/air-mixture) as well as for e 1 = 3.5 (by non-stoichiometric gas mixtures in the cloud) is shown in Fig. 21 graphically and in Tab.…”

Section: Estimation Of Maximum Peak Overpressurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…From measurements on relatively small gasoline pool fires (1.5 m ≤ d ≤ 6 m) [20] a value for the time-averaged flame height…”

Section: Relative Flame Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conclusions Drawn from the Buncefield and Naples Incidents Regarding the Utilization of Consequence Models

et al. 2009

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In both incidents, as a result of overfilling, a very large mass of winter gasoline (m f = 300 t in Buncefield, m f = 700 t in Naples) was released, which in both cases led to a major fire of several days duration and involved 22 of a total of 41 tanks (Buncefield) and 24 of a total of 31 tanks (Naples). Whilst the Buncefield site was unconfined or only slightly confined, the Naples site had a high degree of confinement due to walls, buildings as well as a high embankment. The most important, current consequence models as well as new consequence models for the prediction of the extraordinarily high flame heights, extraordinarily high thermal radiation as well as the extraordinarily high maximum peak overpressure are described and discussed. The analysis of the Buncefield incident so far has shown that the maximum visible relative flame height lies in the region of 2.5 < (H/d) max,Bunc < 6.5 and the predicted value lies in the region 1.8 < (H/d) max,calc < 1.9. For large, black smoky fires the estimation of the critical thermal separation distance is not dependent on the total fire, but on the height of a hot, clear burning zone. In addition, for multiple tank fires there is a considerable increase in the mass burning rate, the flame height, the surface emission power as well as the thermal separation distance. With the new consequence models maximum peak overpressures for an unconfined vapor cloud explosion (UVCE) of ≈ 1.3 bar (Buncefield) and of ≈ 1.5 bar (Naples) are predicted. For a partially confined vapor cloud explosion (VCE) a maximum peak overpressure of ≈ 3 bar for a jet ignition into a corridor is predicted.

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Analysis of the geometric and radiative characteristics of hydrocarbon pool fires

Cited by 151 publications

References 20 publications

Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

Fire as a primary event of accident domino sequences: The case of BLEVE

A 3D Simulation approach of Pool Fire

Conclusions Drawn from the Buncefield and Naples Incidents Regarding the Utilization of Consequence Models

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