Analysis of the Genetic Material of Native Grape Varieties of the Russian Ampelographic Collection

Abstract

One of the main places in the selection of grapes today belongs to native varieties. Native varieties possess characteristics valuable in economic relations, such as a high-quality berry crop, from which it is subsequently possible to obtain the highest quality wine, as well as resistance to harsh climatic conditions. However, before starting breeding work, it is necessary to conduct various pre-breeding studies, including genetic analysis. This type of analysis is the most informative of all, because it gives the most complete picture of all the genetic predispositions of any organism, as well as what potential the specific varieties possess. The analysis is carried out using a variety of molecular genetic markers, which include IPBS markers. The mechanism of their action is based on the use of primers for PBS retrotransposon sequences (Primer binding site, tRNA binding site). This choice is due to the fact that IPBS markers perform well when detecting polymorphism between samples, which include both varieties and clones of varieties. As a result, the following DNA markers were used: iPBS2074, iPBS2230, iPBS2415, Vine-1, and the following indigenous grape varieties: Kumshatsky, Varyushkin, 9th row of class 19, Chilyaki 1-23 (35-36), Cinnamon white mutation, Slitny, Decent , Augustine, Yay raisin white, Kishmish oval white, (Sultanina), Yay raisin pink, Kishmish red Turkmen (Sultatnina pink), Tsimlyansky black. Based on the results of all the studies, namely polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), interpretation of the obtained photos, and subsequent data processing in Microsoft Excel using the GenAlEx 6.3 macro, analysis in AMOVA, and MEGA7 with UPGMA parameters, the conclusions were made that molecular markers of IPBS were effective in preselection studies of the native grape varieties.

Changes in the phenolic complex of red aboriginal grape varieties in the system “grapes – base wine sparkling wine”

“…Russian and foreign scientists are working now in the directions of using aboriginal grape varieties in winemaking. They establish the genetic characteristics of varieties, on the basis of which their DNA passports are created [1][2][3][4][5], assess uvological, agrobiological and economic properties [6][7][8][9][10], replenish databases and create models of physicochemical and technological parameters of individual varieties [11][12][13], develop promising production directions for each individual aboriginal variety [14][15][16][17][18], etc. It should be noted that one of distinctive features of aboriginal varieties is an increased resistance to unfavorable environmental factors.…”