Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Radish Germplasm through SSR Markers Derived from Chinese Cabbage

Abstract

Abstract. Since the early 1980s, the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Sciences has been breeding and collecting diverse radish breeds to select those samples with better horticultural characteristics, to ultimately expand and develop as good radish produce. Genetic diversity is a crucial factor in crop improvement and therefore it is very important to obtain various variations through sample collection. The collected samples were compared with one another in order to assess the level of diversity among the collections, and this procedure allowed for increased application of the gathered resources and aided in determining the direction to secure further samples. Towards this end, this experiment was conducted in order to examine whether the SSR markers derived from Chinese cabbage samples could be transferred to the radish samples. Among the radish breeding lines and introduced resources, 44 lines were used as materials to analyze the genotype using 22 SSR markers selected. As a result, the analysis showed that among all the selected markers, 'cnu_m139' and 'cnu_m289' were the most useful markers for diversity evaluation. The genetic relationship of the radish genetic resources showed that the geographic origins affected the diversity. Furthermore, the different types of radish groups were also determined by the year they were bred. This result demonstrated that there are differences between the older radish breeds and the more recently developed radish breeds. Even though a relatively small number of markers were used in the analysis, it was possible to distinguish whether the radish was bred 30 years ago or in the 2000s, and that the similar physical shapes comprised a particular group, showed that the SSR markers can indeed be successfully applied to to study the diversity within radish breeding lines. Through the results of this study, it can be concluded that the SSR marker developed for the Chinese cabbage can be applied to examine the genetic diversity and analyze the relationship (genetic resource determination) of radish.

Simple sequence repeat marker development fromCodonopsis lanceolataand genetic relation analysis

“…In addition, it is a useful tool for studying the non-reference plant genome, due to its even distribution throughout the genome, as well as its high polymorphism between individuals. Therefore, many studies have reported SSR marker applications to crops for phylogenetic analysis or genetic diversity on the non-reference plant genomes (Badiane et al 2012;Bang et al 2011;Kim et al 2015;Park et al 2013;Reed and Rinehart 2009). Li et al (2009Li et al ( , 2013 identified SSR markers for C. tangshen and C. pilosula, and then successfully applied these findings to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of these two species.…”

Characterization of agronomic traits and genomic diversity in a newly assembled radish core collection

“…sequence repeat (SSR), insertion or deletion (InDel), amplified fragment length polymorphism, random amplification of polymorphic DNA, and structural variation markers (Bae et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2018;X. Li et al, 2023;S. Park et al, 2013).…”

“…With the development of genomic resources and tools, diverse molecular marker techniques combined with plant collections have provided opportunities to evaluate genetic diversity, construct genetic maps, and discover genes regulating important agronomic traits in different radish varieties. These molecular marker techniques include both low‐ and high‐throughput genotyping markers such as simple sequence repeat (SSR), insertion or deletion (InDel), amplified fragment length polymorphism, random amplification of polymorphic DNA, and structural variation markers (Bae et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2018; X. Li et al., 2023; S. Park et al., 2013). High‐throughput sequence‐based marker techniques including single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, kompetitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction‐site associated sequencing have also been developed based on GWAS.…”

Genetic variations and evolutionary relationships among radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) with different flesh colors based on red pigment content, karyotype and simple sequence repeat analysis

“…Qin et al (2014) determined that plant height, fresh leaf weight, and root length significantly affected red radish root flesh yield. However, despite these studies, little is known about the genetic diversity of red radish with red flesh because of its specific distribution, while white radish has been better characterized (Jiang et al, 2012;Park et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015b;Zhai et al, 2013). The red pigment of radish is natural, nutritious, and multi-functional, which suggests it may have practical uses to satisfy consumer demands for natural and safe products.…”