Analysis of the Fusion Protein Gene of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in Japan

Mase, Masaji; Murayama, Kazunori; Karino, Ayako; Inoue, Toshikazu

doi:10.1292/jvms.10-0281

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…A comparison of homologies with contemporary isolates showed that JP/Ibaraki/SG106/99 and all the other VIId field strains were highly similar (99-100%) with JP/Ibaraki/00. Interestingly, a p.K78R amino acid substitution in the F-protein of this strain was reported previously [ 25 ]. It was observed that chickens that were challenged with JP/Ibaraki/00 survived a cross-protection test after vaccination with B1 strain, however it was noted that vaccination did not prevent infection and excretion of the virus [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Interestingly, a p.K78R amino acid substitution in the F-protein of this strain was reported previously [ 25 ]. It was observed that chickens that were challenged with JP/Ibaraki/00 survived a cross-protection test after vaccination with B1 strain, however it was noted that vaccination did not prevent infection and excretion of the virus [ 25 ]. This result was partially correlated with the clinical profile of the infected flocks seen in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…A molecular basis of pathogenicity has also been well established through sequence analysis of F-protein cleavage site. It was reported that the motiff 112 R/K-R-Q-K/R-R 116 at the C-terminus of the F2 protein and F (phenylalanine) at the N-terminus of the F1 protein (residue 117) are major determinants of viral virulence [ 1 , 2 , 18 , 22 - 25 ]. A huge database of sequence data especially on F-gene sequences of NDVs isolated throughout the world has also been published and available for sequence comparison and phylogenetic studies [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus isolates from vaccinated commercial poultry farms in non-epidemic areas of Japan

Umali

Ito

Suzuki³

et al. 2013

Virol J

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BackgroundNewcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of poultry. At present, limited molecular epidemiological data are available regarding the causes of ND outbreaks in vaccinated commercial poultry farms. Knowing the genomic characteristics of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infecting commercial poultry operations in spite of vaccination might give important insights on the infection dynamics of these viruses. In addition, molecular analyses at the subgenotype level and studies on the relationship of Japanese NDVs with other isolates from around the world are lacking. Therefore, in the present study, a molecular epidemiological investigation was conducted to characterize nine NDVs isolated from vaccinated commercial poultry flocks in five different Prefectures in non-epidemic areas of Japan between 1969 and 2002.MethodsNucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic studies were performed to characterize the complete fusion (F)-protein gene, 3-prime end of the nucleoprotein (NP)-gene and 5-prime end of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (L)-gene. Sequence data were compared with 180 NDV strains from GenBank representing different NDV genotypes and subgenotypes from different regions of the world at different time periods. Deduced amino acids were analyzed for homologies, recombination and mutation. Recombination events were estimated using Recombination Detection Program (RDP) version 3.44. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to determine evolutionary relationships among strains.ResultsMean death time (MDT: 48-56 hr), Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI: 1.7-1.9) and deduced amino acid sequences of the F0 proteolytic cleavage site (112RRQKR116) revealed that all nine field isolates were velogenic. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates could be classified into two genetic lineages and three sublineages namely genotypes VIa (lineage 4a), VId (lineage 4d) and VIId (lineage 5d). No recombination events were observed but a point mutation in one of the neutralizing epitope of the F-protein was identified in the field isolates from Japan.ConclusionsAll field isolates from vaccinated commercial poultry in non-epidemic areas of Japan were part of much bigger outbreaks in provinces and regions and, in some cases, continents. In general, four ND panzootics occurred in Japan and that these outbreaks were mostly characterized by co-circulation of genetically distinct virus lineages due to involvements of infected wild birds. The point mutation identified in the field isolates from Japan may be due to escape from vaccine pressure. The identification of such mutation may be useful for future site-directed mutagenesis to understand the dynamics of NDV infection in vaccinated chickens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus isolates from vaccinated commercial poultry farms in non-epidemic areas of Japan

Umali

Ito

Suzuki³

et al. 2013

Virol J

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“…Nevertheless, more studies will be needed to address this issue. Moreover, no amino acid substitutions were found at positions 72, 74, 75, 78 and 79 of the F2 protein, which were previously shown to be involved in neutralization [15]. An N-linked glycosylation acceptor site (N-X-S/T, where X corresponds to any amino acid except aspartic acid or proline) at position 85-87 of the F2 protein is also conserved [9,40], as are the cysteine residues at positions 25 and 76 of the F2 protein [41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Seven neutralizing epitopes have been mapped on the F protein of NDV [5,13,14]. Critical amino acids involved in neutralization sites are sites 72, 74, 75, 78, 79 and 343, as well as a stretch of amino acids from residues 157 to 171 [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolutionary insight into Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Antarctica

et al. 2015

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The disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a severe threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Recently, NDV has been isolated in the Antarctic region. Detailed studies on the mode of evolution of NDV strains isolated worldwide are relevant for our understanding of the evolutionary history of NDV. For this reason, we have performed Bayesian coalescent analysis of NDV strains isolated in Antarctica to study evolutionary rates, population dynamics, and patterns of evolution. Analysis of F protein cleavage-site sequences of NDV isolates from Antarctica suggested that these strains are lentogenic. Strains isolated in Antarctica and genotype I reference strain Ulster/67 diverged from ancestors that existed around 1958. The time of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was established to be around 1883 for all class II viruses. A mean rate of evolution of 1.78 × 10(-3) substitutions per site per year (s/s/y) was obtained for the F gene sequences of NDV strains examined in this study. A Bayesian skyline plot indicated a decline in NDV population size in the last 25 years. The results are discussed in terms of the possible role of Antarctica in emerging or re-emerging viruses and the evolution of NDV populations worldwide.

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Characterization of complete genome sequence of genotype VI and VII velogenic Newcastle disease virus from Japan

Umali

Ito

Shirota³

et al. 2014

Virus Genes

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The complete genome sequences of three strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from vaccinated commercial layer flocks in Japan in the span of three decades were characterized. All strains had genome lengths of 15,192 nucleotides consisting of six genes in the order of 3'-NP-P/V/W-M-F-HN-L-5'. The general genomic characteristics of the Japanese field strains were consistent with previously characterized class II NDV, except for those belonging to early genotypes (genotype I-IV), which lack the six nucleotide insertion at nucleotide positions 1,648-1,653 of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Japanese strains could be classified into genotypes VIc and VIIe using the complete genome sequence and the complete coding sequence of the fusion (F) gene according to the unified NDV classification system. Characterization of functional domains and neutralizing epitopes of the F and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of Japanese field strains revealed a total of 31 amino acid substitutions, as compared to vaccine strains Ishii and B1, which were widely used in Japan. Although virus neutralization (VN) test showed that poor flock immunity due to vaccination failure or partial and non-uniform immunization maybe the major factors involved in the mechanism of breakthrough infection of the Japanese field strains, approximately two to threefold decrease in the VN titers of the field NDV strains possessing a point mutation (E347K or E347G) at the linear epitope of the HN protein was observed, as compared to vaccine strain B1 and field strain 2440/69, which lack the point mutation. This study may be a useful reference in characterizing future ND outbreaks in vaccinated chickens and as a genetic map for future investigations regarding vaccine designs, reverse genetics systems, and development of molecular diagnostic tools to prevent future ND outbreaks in vaccinated poultry flocks.

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Analysis of the Fusion Protein Gene of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in Japan

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus isolates from vaccinated commercial poultry farms in non-epidemic areas of Japan

Molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus isolates from vaccinated commercial poultry farms in non-epidemic areas of Japan

An evolutionary insight into Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Antarctica

Characterization of complete genome sequence of genotype VI and VII velogenic Newcastle disease virus from Japan

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