Analysis of the friction and wear behavior of hot work tool scale: application to the hot rolling process

Vergne, Catherine; Boher, Christine; Levaillant, Christophe; Gras, R.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00598-1

Cited by 64 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…12a and b), did not show different tribological behaviour at the two different temperatures. The oxide scale developed on the HSS pin when metal -oxide contact took place in 15 mins at 950 °C [25], and this helped to reduce the COF at the early stage. The dropping of COF from 0.3 to 0.26 at 950 °C during the first 1 min may be attributed to this oxide-oxide contact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. This device is not a hot rolling simulator as there was only continuously sliding contact, which is different from the rolling contact in actual rolling practice but the contact mechanics can be established between the grade of the hot working roll (pin) and the hot strip material (disc) [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that the oxide debris generated in Stage II played a significant role in reducing and in stabilizing the values of COF. The COF curve is different from carbon steels on which the oxide scale will form to a thickness of 75 µm at 900 °C in 2 mins [31]; therefore the setting of initial contact of high temperature pin-on-disc must be metal-oxide or oxide-oxide contact [25,32]. The oxidation rate of carbon steels increases considerably at or above 570 °C, due to establishment of a rapidly growing non-stoichiometric FeO formed at the metal/oxide interface [26].…”

Section: Friction and Wear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

et al. 2016

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L. (2016). Influence of Cr-Rich oxide scale on sliding wear mechanism of ferritic stainless steel at high temperature. Tribology Letters, 63 (2), 1-13.Influence of Cr-Rich oxide scale on sliding wear mechanism of ferritic stainless steel at high temperature AbstractThe tribological tests of a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 445 in contact with high-speed steel (HSS) were performed on a high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear exhibited significant difference when the FSS 445 was oxidised with a Cr-rich oxide scale on the surface. The HSS pin displayed adhesive wear when there was no oxide scale on the stainless steel disc, and in the early stages, the coefficient of friction fluctuated significantly, but the level of wear changed as Cr2O3 particles formed. The wear was then reduced, and the coefficient of friction remained stable. The Cr-rich oxide scale which formed on the stainless steel was able to stabilise the coefficient of friction, to reduce the wear rate and to help form a glazed layer on the HSS surface. The abrasive wear of the HSS pin took place at 850 °C, indicating that the hardness of the Cr-rich oxide scale increased as the temperature decreased. AbstractThe tribological tests of a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 445 in contact with high speed steel (HSS)were performed on a high temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear exhibited significant difference when the FSS 445 was oxidised with a Cr-rich oxide scale on the surface. The HSS pin displayed adhesive wear when there was no oxide scale on the stainless steel disc and in the early stages, the coefficient of friction fluctuated significantly but the level of wear changed as Cr 2 O 3 particles formed. The wear was then reduced and the coefficient of friction remained stable. The Cr-rich oxide scale which formed on the stainless steel was able to stabilize the coefficient of friction, to reduce the wear rate and to help form a glazed layer on the HSS surface. The abrasive wear of the HSS pin took place at 850 °C, indicating that the hardness of the Cr-rich oxide scale increased as the temperature decreased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Friction and Wear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

et al. 2016

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“…There has been extensive work relating temperature to oxide scale thickness, surface quality and/or work roll wear, [3][4][5][6] blistering 7) and oxidizing mechanisms. 8) As a consequence, the analysis of the influence of temperature and time on oxidation rate, phase composition and morphology of the secondary and tertiary scales is of great interest in order to better understand work roll wear and strip surface defects in hot strip rolling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Rate and Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Basabe

Szpunar

2004

ISIJ International

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The rate of scale growth on low carbon steel in air over the temperature range 600-1200°C and the phase composition changes that occur between 750-1 200°C were investigated. The low carbon steel was oxidized with the air velocity of 4.2 cm/s in order to approximate the formation of secondary and tertiary scales in hot rolling. In addition, some experiments were performed with a lower air velocity of 0.14 cm/s. Above 1 000°C, with the air velocity of 4.2 cm/s, a transition from a parabolic rate of oxidation to a linear rate of oxidation was observed as the temperature increased. This transition in oxidizing mechanisms was related to the porosity of the oxide scale. The phase composition of the oxide scales changed with temperature and time. For the initial 30 s of oxidation, wustite was the predominant phase in the temperature range 800-1 200°C and as oxidation proceeded, the percentages of magnetite and hematite increased. The homogeneity of the oxide decreased as the oxidation temperature increased. At 850°C, with the air velocity of 4.2 cm/s, the oxide was homogeneous, and for the first 120 s of oxidation, the oxide had a high percentage of wustite and a low percentage of hematite. This indicates that 850°C is the ideal temperature for the finishing strip mill in order to reduce work roll wear and surface defects.

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“…Most defects for high strength steels are due to corrosion, wear and fatigue. Also, this group of steels has always been under thermal stress [1]. In a study on wear behavior of H11 tool steel, Barau et al [2] concluded that the main reason of metal surface destruction under 500 • C is oxidizing wear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Characterization and Corrosion Resistance of 36Cr-Ni-Mo4 Steel Coated by WC-Co Cermet Electrode Using Micro-Electro Welding

Azhideh

Aghajani

Pourbagheri

2017

Metals

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Abstract:In this paper the influence of spark energy on corrosion resistance, hardness, surface roughness and morphology of WC-Co coated 36Cr-Ni-Mo4 steel by Micro-Electro Welding (MEW) was investigated. Frequencies of 5, 8 and 11 kHz, currents of 15, 25 and 35 A and duty cycles of 10, 30 and 50 % were applied for coating of the samples using a WC-Co cermet electrode. The results indicate that increasing the current, Duty cycle and frequency of the process increases spark energy. As spark energy increases, efficiency of coating increases to 80% and then decreases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to identify the phases. The results indicated that other than the peaks obtained for the metallic Iron with BCC (Body Centered Cubic) structure, Tungsten Carbide, Cr 7 C 3 and Titanium Carbide phases were also seen on the surface. Vickers micro hardness method was used for hardness measurement of the samples. Surface hardness increases to 817.33 HV0.05 with spark energy increasing up to 1.03 mJ, and then reducing. Optical Microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study Microstructural and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the topography, morphology and roughness were used. Polarization technique in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution was used to evaluate the corrosion properties. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicate that with increasing spark energy, the amount of Tungsten in surface increases to 41.95 wt % and then decreases. As spark energy increases up to 2.17 mJ, thickness of coating increases to 8.31 µm and then decreases. As spark energy increases, surface roughness is also increased. Corrosion test results indicated that the lowest corrosion rate (2.6 × 10 −8 mpy) is related to the sample with the highest level of efficiency.

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Analysis of the friction and wear behavior of hot work tool scale: application to the hot rolling process

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

Growth Rate and Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Surface Characterization and Corrosion Resistance of 36Cr-Ni-Mo4 Steel Coated by WC-Co Cermet Electrode Using Micro-Electro Welding

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