“…Pilot scale and demonstration plant studies were subsequently carried out by Argonne National Laboratories and the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (Payne et al, 1989;Abele et al, 1987;Weller et al, 1985) with corresponding numerical modelling investigations (Berry and Wolsky, 1986;Wang et al, 1988). During the 1990s, the technology received further interest for greenhouse gas and NO x reduction with pilot-scale studies conducted in a project led by the International Flame Research Foundation (Woycenko et al, 1995) and in work carried out by Ishikawajima Harima Engineering to consider oxyfuel retrofits to Japanese boilers (Nozaki et al, 1997;Kiga et al, 1997;Kimura et al, 1995;Nakayama et al, 1992). Oxyfuel studies led by CAN-MET began in the late 1990s using their vertical combustor research facility (Douglas et al, 2001) with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling studies following later (Chui et al, 2003(Chui et al, , 2004.…”