“…Such studies are useful for understanding evolving energy consumption patterns, the relative contribution of different factors affecting changes in energy consumption and for predicting future energy demand. Related studies include Reitler et al [1] , Li [2] , Howarth [3] , Torvanger [4] , Park [5] , Liu et al [6] , Ang and Lee [7] , Ang [8] , Greening [9] and Sun [10,11] . For example, Reitler et al [1] proposed a method to decompose changes in industrial energy consumption into three factors, namely production quantity, production structure and specific consumption.…”