Analysis of the extreme and records values for temperature and precipitation in Lebanon

Hayek, Ali; Khraibani, Zaher; Radwan, Dana; Tabaja, Nabil; Abbad-Andaloussi, Samir; Toufaily, Joumana; Garnier-Zarli, Evelyne; Hamieh, Tayssir

doi:10.1080/23737484.2020.1765899

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…14 Temperatures are also on the rise in Lebanon affected by climate change. 69 Risks will continue to increase markedly, even if the 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement is achieved; however, achieving this goal would reduce the overall impact of a higher increase in temperatures and would make adaptation measures more feasible. 2 Thus, the potential health impacts of climate change require that governments take adaptive measures to protect the health of their populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress-Related Symptoms among Bakery Workers in Lebanon: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Habib

El-Haddad

Halwani

et al. 2021

INQUIRY

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Heat exposure is linked to a range of heat-related illnesses and injuries. This study assessed the association between workers’ perceptions of the work environment and reports of heat stress-related health symptoms in bakery workers in Lebanon. A national cross-sectional survey of workers was carried out in 504 bakeries in Lebanon. One worker in each bakery was interviewed using questions relating to the workplace environment and heat stress-related health symptoms. Heat and humidity measurements were recorded in bakeries. Descriptive analyses were performed, and logistic regression assessed relationships between the workplace environment, worker perceptions, and reports of heat stress-related health symptoms. In total, 47.2% of workers experienced heat stress-related symptoms, 83% perceived workplace temperatures as hot, and 48% perceived these temperatures as affecting their health. Humidex readings showed that 49% of bakeries had conditions unsafe for routine work tasks. Working under pressure (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.12-2.43), job dissatisfaction (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.12-2.79), and perceptions that high temperatures negatively affected health (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.87-3.99) were all significantly correlated to reports of heat stress-related symptoms. Females were more likely to experience heat stress-related symptoms (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.13-3.39). Workers who reported low levels of water consumption at work were also more likely to experience heat stress-related health symptoms. We conclude that heat exposure potentially impacts workers’ health in Lebanese bakeries. Improvements in workplace conditions, adequate infrastructure, and workers’ training are key interventions for maintaining workers’ health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress-Related Symptoms among Bakery Workers in Lebanon: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Habib

El-Haddad

Halwani

et al. 2021

INQUIRY

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“…However, the extreme quantiles of order 1-q of the maximum distribution over a given period of time is of particular concern in this context. Our interest is to find where [20]: According to Fig. 3, the return value of the fitted (GEV) to the maximum likelihood approach data (solid black line) and the associated 95% confidence interval ( dotted black line) are shown.…”

Section: Return Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous research investigations have used the theory of EVT and records for such environmental purposes as extreme temperature, extreme precipitation, extreme wavelength, etc. [20]- [24]. This approach is advantageous as it shows extreme values and their return period, which in turn assists with creating a system of warnings about the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bekaa region is witnessing a catastrophic environmental scenario affecting the air and water quality in the region, and thus the public health and the ecosystem in general. Signs of climate change such as storms, floods, and heat waves are becoming usual and periodic [20]. These extreme events which are a result of high pollution are affecting the Lebanese economy, especially in the Bekaa region which depends primarily on agricultural activity [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme and Records Value Analysis for Evaluating Air Quality in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon

Atoui¹,

Andaloussi²,

Slim³

et al. 2023

IJESD

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Air pollution is a major public health problem that affects economic development, agriculture, and the ecosystem. Lebanon is one of the most polluted countries in the Middle East region due to the increase in the concentrations of atmospheric air pollution which exceed the required levels according to the global guidelines. The main objective of this paper is to identify the extreme concentrations of air pollutants in order to minimize their adverse effects. The peak of concentration of the pollution which is measured within a specific period could be described by using the extreme value theory mainly as one kind of the three different types of the extreme value theory and the record theory as a second kind. These two approaches will be applied to predict the expected extreme concentration in the future and the probability of occurrence of a new record. Whereas daily measurements of SO2, CO, NO, PM10, PM2.5 throughout the period 2016-2019 in the Bekaa Valley. The findings indicate that the concentrations of the 15, 30, 40, and 50-year return pollutant levels are continuously increasing. The percentage of the change of SO2, CO, NO, PM10, PM2.5 after 50 years is 64%, 5%, 3%, 29%, 20% and 12%, respectively. The records have been observed at the beginning of a time series and an interval point prediction was given for each measure. The future record values of SO2, CO, NO, PM10, PM2.5 were increased by 0.2%, 0.7%, 1%, 0.5%, 6%, and 5.7%, respectively, over 1 year. There was a 66% chance to observe a new record-breaking pollutant level that exceeded the guidelines after two years.

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“…Studies around short‐lived high‐temperature extremes also provides a different look at how changes are occurring compared to studies that focus on annual or seasonal time frames (Papalexiou et al ., 2018). Research on breaking temperature records have largely been concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere: USA (Rowe and Derry, 2012; Meehl et al ., 2016); Europe (Elguindi et al ., 2013; Abatzoglou and Barbero, 2014; Beniston, 2015); China (Zhong‐Hua et al ., 2012; Deng et al ., 2018); Korea (Cho et al, 2011); Lebanon (Hayek et al ., 2020) with Australia (Trewin and Vermont, 2010) the exception. Only one global study could be found (Anderson and Kostinski, 2010) and this contained very few stations in the Southern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in probabilities of temperature records in the non‐stationary climate of South Africa

McBride

Kruger

Dyson

2021

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The temporal and spatial distribution of the frequency of breaking highest and lowest daily maximum and minimum temperature records over the period of 1951–2019 has been investigated for South Africa. Temperature records are station specific and defined as either larger or smaller than any previous values in a time series of specific year‐days. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures from homogenized time series of 25 weather stations in South Africa were analysed. Aspects considered to influence the frequency of record‐breaking events were the warming trend and variance. The study found that the record‐breaking frequencies of the highest daily maximum (high Tmax) and some high daily minimum temperature (high Tmin) records were higher than the theoretically expected number in a stationary climate. This was particularly apparent near the end of the analysis period. The ratio of highest maximum to lowest minimum temperature records was almost an equal 1:1 ratio near the start of the analysis period and increased to a about 4:1 in the last decade of the period. Focusing on the last decade, that is, 2010–2019 the study found that there is a different spatial pattern between the occurrence of high Tmax and high Tmin records. For high Tmax records the highest number were mostly recorded by stations over the central parts of the country (e.g., Kimberley, Glen College and Bloemfontein). In contrast, the highest number of high Tmin records were less confined spatially. Even when considering the general warming due to climate change, many more high temperature records are broken than expected in certain regions and on average. We deduce that the higher than expected numbers of high Tmax and high Tmin records in the latter part of the analysis period were mainly due to the variability in the warming trend with acceleration in the last decade.

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Analysis of the extreme and records values for temperature and precipitation in Lebanon

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Heat Stress-Related Symptoms among Bakery Workers in Lebanon: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Heat Stress-Related Symptoms among Bakery Workers in Lebanon: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Extreme and Records Value Analysis for Evaluating Air Quality in Bekaa Valley, Lebanon

Trends in probabilities of temperature records in the non‐stationary climate of South Africa

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