Analysis of the expression patterns of the cytokine receptor family B (CRFB) and interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR) in Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)

Deng

et al. 2019

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Mx and Viperin are important interferon‐stimulated genes that mediate the antiviral immune response. In this study, we cloned the Mx and viperin genes from Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus). The Mx cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,449 nucleotides, encoding a putative protein of 392 aa, which is significantly shorter than other animal Mx proteins. Although the similarity and identity were low between sturgeon Mx and other animal Mx proteins, sturgeon Mx contains the conserved tripartite GTP binding motif and a dynamin family signature. The sturgeon Mx gene contains eight exons split by seven introns. The sturgeon viperin cDNA sequence contained an ORF of 1,047 bp encoding a putative protein of 349 aa, which is relatively well conserved among species. Sturgeon viperin proteins show 82% similarity with those of Xiphophorus maculatus platyfish and Poecilia formosa Amazon molly. The sturgeon viperin gene has a six exon/five intron structure with the same size of second, third, fourth, and fifth exons between different species. The expression of Mx and viperin was detectable in all tissues examined, with the highest expression in skin for Mx and in peripheral blood for viperin. After mock infection using polyinosine‐polycytidylic acid, Mx and viperin showed significantly upregulated expression in primary spleen leukocytes from 3 hr to 72 hr. Lipopolysaccharide could also induce their expression. These results suggested Mx and Viperin could play a vital antiviral role in the innate immune system of Dabry's sturgeon.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene characterization and expression pattern of Mx and Viperin genes in Dabry’s sturgeonAcipenser dabryanus

Deng

et al. 2019

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“…In 1989, this species was afforded top‐level protection by the Chinese government, and it is classified as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (H. Zhang et al., 2011). In recent years, sturgeon farms have suffered high mortality rates due to various bacterial diseases, resulting in huge losses to sturgeon aquaculture and research (Luo et al., 2018; Meng et al., 2011; Zhang, Xu, Boscari, et al., 2018). Immune‐related proteins such as IFNs, IFN receptors, interleukin 16/17, trim, lysozymes, antimicrobial peptides, and Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) have been characterised (Han et al., 2018; Kai et al., 2019; Youshen Li et al., 2019; Luo et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2019; Zhang, Xu, Boscari, et al., 2018; Zhang, Xu, Du, et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR) in Dabry’s sturgeon ( Acipenser dabryanus )

Chen²,

Yuan

et al. 2021

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Protein kinase RNA‐activated (PKR) is an important component of the innate immune system induced by interferon. This antiviral protein senses a variety of stresses and pathogen‐driven double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). In the present study, we cloned and characterized the PKR gene from Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the AdPKR gene comprises a coding sequence (CDS) of 1848 bp, encoding a 616 amino acids (aa) polypeptide. AdPKR shares high aa identity/similarity with proteins from other fish, ranging from 33.4%/51.8% to 87.6%/91.2%, and relatively low aa identity (13.9%) and similarity (26.8%) with human PKR. The AdPKR polypeptide has two dsRNA‐binding motifs at the N‐terminus and a conserved catalytic kinase domain at the C‐terminus. The sturgeon PKR gene contains 17 exons split by 16 introns. Phylogenetic analysis clustered AdPKR together with its counterparts from other teleost fishes. Real‐time fluorescene quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) transcription profiles revealed highest AdPKR expression levels in brain, followed by middle kidney, skin, muscle and head kidney. AdPKR mRNA transcripts were significantly increased at 6 hr post‐stimulation (hps) with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), remained high at 24 hps, then decreased to normal levels at 48 hps. These results indicate that AdPKR might play a vital role in antiviral immune responses.

“…Because of its endangered status, A. dabryanus was listed as a major protected species by the Chinese government and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 1989 (H. Zhang et al, 2011). Recently, expansion of sturgeon aquaculture and a high degree of intensification have led to outbreaks of various bacterial diseases, resulting in a great loss to sturgeon aquaculture and research (Luo et al, 2018;Meng et al, 2011;Zhang, Qiaoqing, Boscari, et al, 2018). The immune-related proteins of sturgeon have been identified as interferon (IFN), IFN receptor, interleukin 16/17, TRIM, lysozyme, antimicrobial peptide, and Toll-like receptor (TLRs) (Han et al, 2018;Kai et al, 2019;Y.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of adenosine deaminases acting on tRNAs in Dabry’s sturgeon ( Acipenser dabryanus )

Zhang³

et al. 2021

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Adenosine deaminases acting on tRNAs (ADATs) are involved in the formation of inosine in tRNAs, and they are members of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of RNA editing enzymes. In this study, we analyzed and characterized two ADAT genes, AdADAT2 and AdADAT3, from Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus). The full-length cDNAs of AdADAT2 and AdADAT3 were 1704 and 1402 bp, respectively, and they encoded putative proteins of 188 amino acids and 355 amino acids, respectively. AdADAT2 and AdADAT3 genes contain six exons and two exons, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences exhibit signature features of three residues (generally, one histidine and two cysteines) embedded in three characteristic motifs (motif Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ). AdADAT2 and AdADAT3 mRNAs were expressed ubiquitously in the tissues of healthy A. dabryanus, with elevated levels in the intestine, middle kidney, head kidney, and spleen. In response to polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), the AdADAT2 mRNA level was significantly upregulated at 6 h poststimulation (hps), but the AdADAT3 mRNA level was prominently downregulated at 6 hps. The different responses of the two genes to poly I:C indicate that they have different defense mechanisms against viruses.