Analysis of the Expected Number of Hops in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Random Waypoint Mobility

Younes, Osama; Thomas, Nigel

doi:10.1016/j.entcs.2011.09.010

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…After reaching the determined waypoint it waits for a time duration, normally distributed between a minimum and a maximum, and repeats the process with next selected waypoint [36]. If the target application scenario is for human mobility as in the case of managing a disaster relief camp, minimum and maximum speeds are selected as 1 to 2 m/s and the pause time is between 0 and 0.5 s. These values are in line with similar studies that capture human mobility scenarios [35][36][37][38]. Figure 27 corresponds to a network density of 10 as defined in terms of average neighborhood per node.…”

Section: Effect Of Mobilitysupporting

confidence: 61%

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Endcast: mobile stateless data delivery in MANETs

Sooriyaarachchi

Gamage

2017

J Wireless Com Network

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MANETs are networks of mobile devices for multihop communication without a separate infrastructure for routing and control. If robust protocols are available, MANETs can exploit the true ubiquity of everyday mobile devices for application scenarios such as collaborative learning, multiplayer gaming, adaptive advertising as well as in disaster management and battlefield communication. Traditional schemes such as reactive, proactive and hybrid routing incur costs of often O(n 2 ) for discovering and maintaining routes or node hierarchies for networks with n number of nodes. These routes or node structures become obsolete rapidly due to MANET dynamics resulting from mobility, limited battery life, and impairments of wireless links. These traditional approaches are based on a paradigm that we refer to as fixed-stateful routing. The routing paradigm that best matches the ubiquity of devices in a MANET is mobile-stateless routing. In mobile-stateless routing, nodes do not keep global network states or play special roles as control nodes. We propose flooding as an end to end packet delivery mechanism and introduce the concept of endcast that allows the communication from a single source to a single destination in which the data is carried by controlled flooding and the data propagation is inhibited after reaching the destination. Problem statement: Simple flooding causes excessive packet redundancy resulting in collisions and contention which is known as broadcast storm problem. We introduce the term broadcast flood problem to refer to the propagation of data beyond the destination in flooding operation. This research is aimed at modeling endcast and developing an endcast scheme to enable MANET nodes to perform end to end communication in mobile-stateless manner. Solution:We built a theoretical model to analyze the endcast concept. This model includes methods to quantify broadcast storm problem and broadcast flood problem. Based on this model, we proposed an endcast scheme that controls the storm situation using counter-based flooding and the flood situation using negative acknowledgement packets. The storm control scheme is inspired by the chalone mechanism that regulates growth of biological organs. The proposed scheme is in the mobile-stateless routing paradigm because the nodes keep only a set of local states in the form of a log of received data packets and the nodes do not act as infrastructure nodes. We apply the theoretical model on the proposed endcast scheme to validate its correctness and simulations were done to verify the performance.

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Section: Effect Of Mobilitysupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Random Way Point (RWP) mobility is extensively applied in wireless network simulations [35][36][37][38]. In RWP mobility model, a node selects a random starting position and a random point in the area as the next waypoint.…”

Section: Effect Of Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endcast: mobile stateless data delivery in MANETs

Sooriyaarachchi

Gamage

2017

J Wireless Com Network

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“…The RWP mobility is extensively applied in wireless network simulations [7], [9], [21], [22]. In this mobility model a node selects a random starting position and a random location in the area as the next waypoint.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Scalability Of Hwmpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of scalability of Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol in IEEE 802.11

Sooriyaarachchi

Fernando

Gamage

2015

2015 Fifteenth International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer)

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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) enable ubiquitous computing with wide availability of smart mobile devices and applications. However, robust and lightweight protocols are yet to be implemented for multihop communication. The latest IEEE 802.11 standard released in 2012 captures the concept of muItihop MANETs under Wireless Mesh Networks and proposes Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) as the default muItihop path selection protocol. Previous studies on the performance of HWMP have not addressed operating scenarios of mass mobility (to model human user mobility), non-availability of root nodes (to model absence of infrastructure support) and a wide span of node densities (to model different application scenarios). This paper analyses the scalability of HWMP in a MANET of IEEE 802.11 standard wireless mesh stations that move at human walking speeds. The end-to-end delay, data packet delivery ratio and path selection control overhead are evaluated in the presence of random waypoint and mass mobility models for increasing node densities. The simulation results show that there are no significant variations in any of the above important performance metrics among static, random waypoint mobility and mass mobility models. Furthermore, HWMP shows almost a linear path selection control overhead profile for increasing node densities while the packet delivery ratio and the end-to-end delay reaches a steady level as node density increases up to about 250 nodes.

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“…Many studies have been carried out to analyze the hop count of multi-hop path in conventional ad-hoc network by using both mathematical analysis approach and simulation approach [1][2][3][4]. These works give us an insight into how hop count is influenced by major network parameters such as node density, node mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poster

2014

Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing

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The number of hops between source node and destination node is one of key parameter in studying multi-hop ad-hoc networks. Although hop count in conventional ad-hoc networks has been well studied, to the best of our knowledge, there have no works that intensively investigate the hop count of multi-hop path in cognitive environment. This paper presents detail simulation analysis on the hop count of multi-hop path in Cognitive Radio Ad-hoc Networks (CRAHNs). The effect of network parameters such as node density of Secondary User (SU) and Primary User (PU), operating frequencies, average activating rate of PUs, in the networks are studied. Simulation experiments with different network parameters are conducted to clarify the features of hop count in cognitive ad-hoc networks.

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Analysis of the Expected Number of Hops in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Random Waypoint Mobility

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Endcast: mobile stateless data delivery in MANETs

Endcast: mobile stateless data delivery in MANETs

Evaluation of scalability of Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol in IEEE 802.11

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