Analysis of the Environmental Effects of the Clean Heating Policy in Northern China

Chen, Siyu; Chi, Huisheng

doi:10.3390/su13126695

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Figures 8 , 9 , and 10 show the results for Shanghai, Wuhan, and Tangshan, respectively. Based on the positions of the estimated coefficients and the 95% confidence interval, there appears to be no statistically significant difference between the trends for the treatment group and the control group (i.e., the 95% confidence intervals include 0) (Chen & Chi, 2021 ). Therefore, the assumption of parallel trends was met.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse spillover effects of COVID-19 control measures on air quality improvement: evidence from typical Chinese cities

Zhao

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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The COVID-19 prevention and control measures are taken by China’s government, especially traffic restrictions and production suspension, had spillover effects on air quality improvement. These effects differed among cities, but these differences have not been adequately studied. To provide more knowledge, we studied the air quality index ( AQI ) and five air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and O 3 ) before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai, Wuhan, and Tangshan. The pollution data from two types of monitoring stations (traffic and non-traffic stations) were separately compared and evaluated. We used monitoring data from the traffic stations to study the emission reduction caused by traffic restrictions. Based on monitoring data from the non-traffic stations, we established a difference-in-difference model to study the emission reduction caused by production suspension. The COVID-19 control measures reduced AQI and the concentrations of all pollutants except O 3 (which increased greatly), but the magnitude of the changes differed among the three cities. The control measures improved air quality most in Wuhan, followed by Shanghai and then Tangshan. We investigated the reasons for these differences and found that differences in the characteristics of these three types of cities could explain these differences in spillover effects. Understanding these differences could provide some guidance and support for formulating differentiated air pollution control measures in different cities. For example, whole-process emission reduction technology should be adopted in cities with the concentrated distribution of continuous process enterprises, whereas vehicles that use cleaner energy and public transport should be vigorously promoted in cities with high traffic development level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse spillover effects of COVID-19 control measures on air quality improvement: evidence from typical Chinese cities

Zhao

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ Dev Sustain

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“…In 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission and other governmental departments in China published the Clean Heating Plan in North China in Winter (2017-2021), identifying "coal to electricity" and "coal to gas" as the winter heating modes for "2 + 26 cities" in the North. Coal to gas and coal to electricity means replacing coal-fired heating with natural gas or electricity infrastructure, which indicates the transformation of heating energy in China [7]. By the end of 2017, nearly 4.75 million households had successfully switched their heating method from coal to gas or electricity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on Decarbonizing Heating in China: Pathway Exploration for Technology with Multi-Sector Applications

2022

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Coal-fired heating is the main method of heating in China, causing serious air pollution and large amounts of CO2 emissions. Decarbonizing heating is important to reduce carbon emissions, and choosing a suitable heating technical scheme is conducive to the early realization of carbon neutrality in China. Coal to gas and coal to electricity transformation projects were carried out in 2017 and achieved remarkable effects. This study compares the current domestic and international clean heating modes, where gas heating, electric heating, heat hump heating, biomass heating, and solar heating coupling system are taken into account. The heating technology potential and heating support aspects, including the industrial sector, building sector, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, and publicity are explored as well. Regarding the actual situation in China, a comparative analysis is also conducted on the different types of heat pumps, and then an optimal heating scheme for urban and rural areas is proposed. It is suggested that the urban area with centralized heating can install ground source heat pumps, and the rural area with distributed heating can apply a coupling system of solar photovoltaics to ground source heat pumps (PV-GSHP). Based on current policies and standards support, this study calculates the carbon emissions of this scheme in 2030 and provides a detailed analysis of relevant parameters. The feasibility and superiority of the scheme are confirmed by comparison and discussion with other studies. Moreover, specific measures in planning, subsidy, construction, and electricity are proposed to implement the heating scheme. This study provides a reference for the mode selection and technical scheme of heating decarbonation in China, and that could be also considered in other regions or countries.

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“…Countries such as China, where air pollution is a critical issue, are taking steps to curb the use of coal and switching to cleaner alternatives, such as natural gas. Using natural gas instead of coal as a fuel for heating reflects the adjustment and transformation of the energy use structure in China towards the realization of specific projects [14], such as "coal-to-gas". With the increasing emphasis on air pollution prevention, the issue of natural gas substitution for coal has been raised in many large Chinese cities [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Modelling of the Change of Residential-Induced PM10 Pollution through Substitution of Coal with Natural Gas in Domestic Heating

Kürkçüoğlu

Zengin

2021

Sustainability

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Air pollution has been one of the most critical urban problems. Urban energy networks are among the major sources of air pollution, particularly in highly populated urban areas. Residential heating, which is the primary cause of particulate matter (PM) emissions, contributes to the problem through the use of low-quality fuels, such as coal. Natural gas, although a fossil fuel, is a modern, relatively clean, and more efficient alternative in residential energy use, which helps to reduce particulate matter emissions. Coal was widely used in residential heating in İzmir, Turkey, whereas natural gas is a relatively new alternative which started to be used domestically in 2006. Switching from coal and other highly polluting fossil fuels to natural gas in urban energy distribution network has contributed to the alleviation of air pollution in the city in the past decade. Spatiotemporal analyses of the PM10 concentrations, and their relation to the natural gas investments, have been conducted in geographical information systems (GIS). The spatial distribution of the change in PM10 levels has been modeled with ordinary kriging for the 2010–2011 and 2018–2019 winter seasons. Interpolated PM10 surfaces show that there is a significant decrease in the emissions throughout the city in the overall, while the highest levels of decrease are observed in the southern part of the city. Overlaying the interpolated PM10 surfaces and the natural gas pipeline investments enables the demonstration of the mutual relationship between the change in emission levels and the energy distribution network. Indeed, the spatial distribution of the pollution concentrations appears to be parallel to the natural gas investments. The pipeline investments were intensive during the 2010–2018 period in the southern districts when compared the rest of the city. The use of natural gas in residential heating contributed to the decrease in PM10 emissions.

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Analysis of the Environmental Effects of the Clean Heating Policy in Northern China

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Diverse spillover effects of COVID-19 control measures on air quality improvement: evidence from typical Chinese cities

Diverse spillover effects of COVID-19 control measures on air quality improvement: evidence from typical Chinese cities

A Critical Review on Decarbonizing Heating in China: Pathway Exploration for Technology with Multi-Sector Applications

Spatio-Temporal Modelling of the Change of Residential-Induced PM10 Pollution through Substitution of Coal with Natural Gas in Domestic Heating

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