Analysis of the effects of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in spinal nociceptive transmission using indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, and NS-398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor

Yamamoto, Tatsuo; Nozaki-Taguchi, Natsuko

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)00817-7

Cited by 132 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As shown in Fig. 7A, PGE 2 was produced in KB cells after exposure to 600 J/m 2 UVB irradiation, which was reduced by the pretreatment of either the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (29) or specific PPAR␥ antagonist GW9662; however, neither NS-398 nor GW9662 affected PGE 2 production induced by calcium ionophore A23187. Examination of the absorbance spectra of NS-398 and GW9662 revealed that these compounds did not absorb UV irradiation from 270 -320 nm (data not shown), indicating that these agents did not affect UVB-mediated effects via acting as a chemical sunscreen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Epidermal Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ as a Target for Ultraviolet B Radiation

Zhang¹,

Southall²,

Mezsick³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) is a pro-oxidative stressor with profound effects on skin in part through its ability to stimulate cytokine production. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ␥ (PPAR␥) has been shown to regulate inflammatory processes and cytokine release in various cell types. Since the oxidized glycerophospholipid 1-hexadecyl-2-azelaoyl glycerophosphocholine (azPC) has been shown to be a potent PPAR␥ agonist, this study was designed to assess whether the PPAR␥ system is a target for UVB irradiation and involved in UVB-induced inflammation in epidermal cells. The present studies demonstrated the presence of PPAR␥ mRNA and functional protein in human keratinocytes and epithelial cell lines HaCaT, KB, and A431. The treatment of epidermal cells with the PPAR␥-specific agonist ciglitazone or azPC augmented cyclooxygenase-2 expression and enzyme activity induced by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate or interleukin-1␤. Lipid extracts from the cell homogenate of UVB-irradiated, but not control, cells contained a PPAR␥-agonistic activity identified by reporter assay, and this activity up-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression induced by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate. Subjecting purified 1-hexadecyl-2-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphocholine to UVB irradiation generated a PPAR␥-agonistic activity, among which the specific PPAR␥ agonist azPC was identified by mass spectrometry. These findings suggested that UVB-generated PPAR␥-agonistic activity was due to the free radical mediated nonenzymatic cleavage of endogenous glycerophosphocholines. Treatment with the specific PPAR␥ antagonist GW9662 or expression of a dominant-negative PPAR␥ mutant in KB cells inhibited UVB-induced epidermal cell prostaglandin E 2 production. These findings suggested that UVB-generated PPAR␥ activity is necessary for the optimal production of epidermal prostaglandins. These studies demonstrated that epithelial cells contain a functional PPAR␥ system, and this system is a target for UVB through the production of novel oxidatively modified endogenous phospholipids.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Epidermal Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ as a Target for Ultraviolet B Radiation

Zhang¹,

Southall²,

Mezsick³

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Indirectly, flavonoids can inhibit COX by a combination of scavenging free radicals and interaction with enzymes, modifying their functions. 39 Multiple hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure of flavonoids confer substantial antioxidant and chelating properties, however, pro-oxidant activity cannot be excluded. Hydroxyl groups on the B-ring donate a hydrogen and alternatively, electrons and proton, to hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals, stabilizing them and giving rise to a relatively stable flavonoid radical.…”

Section: Inhibition Of Coxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Ethanolic Extract, of Fractions and of Epicatechin Isolated from the Stem Bark of Ximenia americana L. (Oleacaceae)

Uchôa¹,

Dias²,

Melo³

et al. 2018

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Resumo:As ações antinociceptivas e anti-inflamatórias do extrato etanólico, das frações e da epicatequina (XM-Catequina) isolada a partir dos extratos etanólicos das cascas de Ximenia americana L. foram determinadas utilizando modelos in vivo como contorções induzidas pelo ácido acético, teste de formalina, teste de placa quente, peritonite induzida por zimosan e ensaio in vitro de inibição da ciclo-oxigenase. O teste de contorção revelou efeitos inibitórios maiores que 90% do extrato etanólico, das frações e da XM-Catequina (este isolado apresentou ID50 = ,0 μ ol / kg e efeito á i o = 99,60% . O teste de for ali a demonstrou um efeito antinociceptivo nas fases inicial (64.23%) e tardia (86.80%) com a XM-catequina, enquanto a fração clorofórmica mostrou menor efeito antinociceptivo na fase inicial (31.51%). A fração aquosa e o extrato etanólico causaram uma inibição significativa na fase tardia (73.68% e 82.40%, respectivamente). O tratamento de ratos com XM-catequina ou com a fração de acetato de etila não teve efeito antinociceptivo central no teste de placa quente. Os efeitos anti-inflamatórios foram determinados para a inflamação peritoneal induzida por zimosan e os dados indicaram que a XM-catequina, a fração hidrometanólica, o extrato etanólico e a fração em acetato de etila reduziram o número de células recrutadas em 46.02%, 35.06%, 41.45% e 38.61%, respectivamente. Estes resultados mostram que o extrato, as frações e a XM-catequina produzem respostas antinociceptivas e anti-inflamatórias. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de inibição da ciclooxigenase, os efeitos observados estão relacionados com a inibição de COX-1 e COX-2. As ações biológicas demonstradas no presente estudo apoiam o uso etnomedicinal desta planta.Palavras-chave: Plantas medicinais; anti-inflamatórios; corticosteroides; ciclooxigenase. AbstractThe antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of the ethanolic extract, fractions and epicatechin (XM-Catechin) isolated from the ethanoic extracts of bark of Ximenia americana L. were determined utilizing in vivo models such as acetic acid-induced writhing, the formalin test, hot plate test, zymosan-induced peritonitis and in vitro cyclooxygenase inhibition assay. The writhing test revealed inhibitory effects higher than 90% of the ethanolic extract, fractions and XM-Catechin (this isolate presented ID50 = 32.03 µmol/kg and maximum effect = 99.60%). The formalin test demonstrated an antinociceptive effect in both early (64.23%) and late (86.80%) phases by XM-catechin, while the chloroform fraction showed a lower antinociceptive effect at the early phase (31.51%). The aqueous fraction and ethanolic extract caused significant inhibition at the late phase (73.68% and 82.40%, respectively). Treatment of mice with XM-catechin or with the ethyl acetate fraction had no central antinociceptive effect in the hot plate test. Anti-inflammatory effects were determined for zymosan-induced peritoneal inflammation and the data indicated that XM-catechin, the hydromethanol fraction, the ethanol...

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“…However, recent studies indicated the participation of central COX in the regulation of nociceptive information transmission. It was shown that spinal COX2 was activated and was involved in driving the initial hyperalgesia and allodynia following peripheral tissue injury (Ghilardi et al, 2004), and indomethacin (a nonselective COX inhibitor) could reduce spinal nociception during the formalin test (Yamamoto and Nozaki-Taguchi, 1996). Recent studies also found that central COX2 pathways participated in the IL-1b-induced hyperalgesia and cannabinoids modulated antinociception in the orofacial formalin test (Choi et al, 2003;Ahn et al, 2007).…”

Section: Cox2 and Orthodontic Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased COX2 in the Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Is Involved in Orofacial Pain Induced by Experimental Tooth Movement

Duan

2010

The Anatomical Record

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Pain is among the major problems during orthodontic treatment. Recent studies have shown that central Cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) pathway was involved in several pain models. The present study investigated whether inducible COX2 within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) contributed to experimental tooth movement pain in freely moving rats. Elastic rubber bands were inserted between the first and second maxillary molars bilaterally to establish tooth movement model. The directed mouth wiping behavior was used to evaluate the pain during tooth movement. COX2 distribution in Vc was studied by immunohistochemistry and the changes of COX2 expression were detected by Western blot at different time point after rubber band insertion. Our results showed that tooth movement significantly increased COX2 expression in Vc and the time spent on mouth wiping, reaching a maximum at 1 day and then decreasing gradually. Furthermore, the rhythm change of COX2 expression in Vc and the mouth wiping behavior were much correlative with each other. All of the COX2-immunoreactive structures in Vc exhibited NeuN-immunopositive staining and most of these COX2-immunoreactive neurons were Fos-immunopositive. Importantly, the mouth wiping behavior could be attenuated by intracisternal injection of NS-398 (a selective COX2 inhibitor) but not by periodontal administration of NS-398. All these results suggested that increased COX2 in Vc was involved in tooth movement pain and thus may be a central target for orthodontic pain treatment. Anat Rec, 293:485-491, 2010. V V C 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Analysis of the effects of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in spinal nociceptive transmission using indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, and NS-398, a COX-2 selective inhibitor

Cited by 132 publications

References 28 publications

Epidermal Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ as a Target for Ultraviolet B Radiation

Epidermal Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ as a Target for Ultraviolet B Radiation

Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Ethanolic Extract, of Fractions and of Epicatechin Isolated from the Stem Bark of Ximenia americana L. (Oleacaceae)

Increased COX2 in the Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Is Involved in Orofacial Pain Induced by Experimental Tooth Movement

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