Analysis of the Effects of Electrification of the Road Transport Sector on the Possible Penetration of Nuclear Fusion in the Long-Term European Energy Mix
Abstract:The European Roadmap towards the production of electricity from nuclear fusion foresees the potential availability of nuclear fusion power plants (NFPPs) in the second half of this century. The possible penetration of that technology, typically addressed by using the global energy system EUROFusion TIMES Model (ETM), will depend, among other aspects, on its costs compared to those of the other available technologies for electricity production, and on the future electricity demand. This paper focuses on the ong… Show more
“…They are optimization models evaluating the minimum-cost configuration of the system [11], according to the studied scenario and the technology modules included in the model. Because of such features, ESOMs have been widely used to assess the effects of decarbonization strategies or innovative technologies on several sectors of the economy, focusing on several sectors (i.e., transport [12], industry [13], hydrogen [14]) and regions (e.g., Belgium [15], US [16], EU [17], world [18,19]). In the transition from a fossil-based to a renewable-based energy system there are, however, new challenges that traditional ESOMs…”
In the context of the energy transition, the integration of land use considerations into energy planning can provide significant improvements. In energy system optimization models (ESOMs), land use aspects can be integrated at the cost of a finer spatial resolution and a more detailed characterization of land, tailored to regional constraints and specificities. Additionally, an assessment of trade-offs with alternative land uses is necessary. Nevertheless, they are commonly neglected. This study addresses the challenge of incorporating land use aspects into ESOMs, with a focus on the unique context of Pantelleria Island. It aims to bridge the gap in methodologies for renewable energy potential assessment and model integration, considering the critical role of land pricing and availability. It combines geospatial data aggregation with model adaptation to include detailed land use aspects. The findings highlight the substantial impact of land costs on renewable energy planning, with land pricing significantly altering model outcomes. This research offers key insights for sustainable energy planning and underscores the importance of considering land use in energy transition strategies.
“…They are optimization models evaluating the minimum-cost configuration of the system [11], according to the studied scenario and the technology modules included in the model. Because of such features, ESOMs have been widely used to assess the effects of decarbonization strategies or innovative technologies on several sectors of the economy, focusing on several sectors (i.e., transport [12], industry [13], hydrogen [14]) and regions (e.g., Belgium [15], US [16], EU [17], world [18,19]). In the transition from a fossil-based to a renewable-based energy system there are, however, new challenges that traditional ESOMs…”
In the context of the energy transition, the integration of land use considerations into energy planning can provide significant improvements. In energy system optimization models (ESOMs), land use aspects can be integrated at the cost of a finer spatial resolution and a more detailed characterization of land, tailored to regional constraints and specificities. Additionally, an assessment of trade-offs with alternative land uses is necessary. Nevertheless, they are commonly neglected. This study addresses the challenge of incorporating land use aspects into ESOMs, with a focus on the unique context of Pantelleria Island. It aims to bridge the gap in methodologies for renewable energy potential assessment and model integration, considering the critical role of land pricing and availability. It combines geospatial data aggregation with model adaptation to include detailed land use aspects. The findings highlight the substantial impact of land costs on renewable energy planning, with land pricing significantly altering model outcomes. This research offers key insights for sustainable energy planning and underscores the importance of considering land use in energy transition strategies.
“…Since the publication of article [16], the world has made great progress in hightemperature superconductor technology (necessary for plasma stabilization) and in the work on controlled thermonuclear fusion. Some of these works have been described in publications [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In [22], the use of electric energy from fusion in transport in Europe is modeled.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some of these works have been described in publications [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In [22], the use of electric energy from fusion in transport in Europe is modeled. Work on controlled thermonuclear fusion is also carried out by technology start-ups, and some of them have achieved a stable fusion temperature of over 100 million degrees Celsius.…”
The global climate crisis forces the search for new ecological sources of energy and mining methods. Space mining can solve those problems, but, first, wide geological surveying space missions using drilling methods are necessary. Additionally, drilling methods will be important in geological, life searching, geoengineering, and many other studies of extraterrestrial objects. Space is becoming a new area of possible drilling applications. Designing future space drilling missions requires adapting drilling technologies, not only to the conditions of the space environment, but also to the economic and technological realities of the space industry. The possibility of constructing low mass coring devices with energy consumption below 100 W was investigated in this paper. Minimization of energy consumption and mass of a coring is essential for the device to be used in space missions, when lander instruments supplied by low power electric battery are expected to work reliably and the launch cost (depending of mass) at an economically acceptable level. Some similar devices investigated for the future space missions are known from papers listed in the references. To answer whether or not it is possible to build such devices, the authors performed initial drillability tests. The obtained results are presented in this paper.
“…The average cost of EV in 2020 has been estimated at 48,450 EUR/vehicle, decreasing to 43,610 EUR/vehicle in 2035 and to 40,170 EUR/vehicle in 2050. Costs of vehicles and their future evolution trends were obtained from[65].…”
Nowadays, energy policymakers are asked to develop strategies to ensure an affordable clean energy supply as well as minimizing investment risks. In addition, the rise of several community engagement schemes and the uptake of user-scale technologies introduce uncertainties that may result in a disruptive factor for energy systems evolution. This paper introduces a novel scenario analysis approach for local energy planning that supports policymakers and investors in prioritizing new renewable power plant investments, addressing the risks deriving from citizens’ choices. Specifically, a combined analysis is performed on the adoption trends of distributed photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles that are expected to heavily influence the evolution of energy systems. For this reason, an energy model is developed for Pantelleria island, and its transition from an oil-based energy supply to a renewable one up to 2050 is investigated. It is demonstrated how optimal-cost renewable-based scenarios can assure a 45% to 52% CO2 emissions reduction and a 6% to 15% overall cost reduction with respect to the diesel-based business-as-usual scenario. The analyzed scenarios disclose the recommended investments in each renewable technology, considering their learning curves and the unpredictability of user-scale technology adoption. Consequently, priorities in the installation of renewable power plants are stressed, starting with the most resilient to future uncertainties, as well as promoting specific incentive measures for citizens’ commitment at a local scale.
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