Analysis of the Deposition of Pollutants on the Surface of Photovoltaic Modules

Teneta, Janusz; Janowski, Mirosław; Bender, Karolina

doi:10.3390/en16237749

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In addition, a white backsheet is advantageous for another reason. Research on the deposition of dirt on PV modules operating in urban conditions has shown that on average, 10-11% more dirt settles on modules with a black backsheet than on modules with a white backsheet [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Backward Transfer of Light Reflecting Zinc Patterns on Glass for High Performance Photovoltaic Modules

Drabczyk,

Sobik,

Kulesza-Matlak

et al. 2023

Materials

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Commercially available photovoltaic (PV) modules typically consist of individual silicon half-cut cells that are electrically interconnected. This interconnection method results in gaps between the cells, which do not contribute to the overall PV output power. One approach to enhance the cell-to-module power ratio is the placement of white, diffuse reflecting plastic material within these gaps. Conventionally, the process of generating reflective patterns involves several discrete steps, including film deposition, resist patterning, etching, and resist stripping. This study presents an innovative single-step procedure for the direct deposition of zinc reflective patterns onto glass substrates using laser-induced backward transfer (LIBT) and a nanosecond pulsed laser system. The process successfully produced lines and squares, demonstrating its versatility in achieving diverse geometric patterns under ambient atmospheric pressure and room temperature conditions. The evaluation of the transferred patterns included an examination of geometric dimensions and surface morphology using a 3D microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis at the air/Zn interface. Additionally, the thickness of the zinc film and its adhesion to the glass substrate were quantified. The angular reflectance at a wavelength of 660 nm for both the glass/Zn and air/Zn interfaces was measured.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Backward Transfer of Light Reflecting Zinc Patterns on Glass for High Performance Photovoltaic Modules

Drabczyk,

Sobik,

Kulesza-Matlak

et al. 2023

Materials

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Partial Shading of Photovoltaic Modules with Thin Linear Objects: Modelling in MATLAB Environment and Measurement Experiments

Teneta,

Kreft,

Janowski

2024

Energies

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This paper proposes a mathematical model for the shading profiles of a PV module with thin, long linear elements. The model includes the brightness distribution over the entire shading region (umbra, penumbra, and antumbra). A corresponding calculation code in the form of m-files has been prepared for the MATLAB environment. The input data for the calculations are the coordinates of the Sun’s position in the sky, the dimensions and spatial orientation of the shading element, and the spatial orientation of the shaded PV module. The correctness of the model was verified by a measurement experiment carried out under actual outdoor weather conditions. Statistical analysis of the comparison between the measurement data from the experiment and the model showed its high accuracy. As part of this research work, it was also checked how shading with thin linear elements affects the current–voltage characteristics of the module. It turned out that even a small linear shading could reduce the power output of the module by more than 6%, with the distribution of this shading across the individual cells of the module being extremely important.

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Analysis of the Deposition of Pollutants on the Surface of Photovoltaic Modules

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Laser-Induced Backward Transfer of Light Reflecting Zinc Patterns on Glass for High Performance Photovoltaic Modules

Laser-Induced Backward Transfer of Light Reflecting Zinc Patterns on Glass for High Performance Photovoltaic Modules

Partial Shading of Photovoltaic Modules with Thin Linear Objects: Modelling in MATLAB Environment and Measurement Experiments

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