Analysis of the contrast between natural occurrence of toxigenic Aspergilli of the Flavi section and aflatoxin B1 in cassava

Adjovi, Y.C.S.; Bailly, Sylviane; Gnonlonfin, Benoit; Tadrist, Souria; Quérin, A.; Sanni, Ambaliou; Oswald, Isabelle P.; Puel, Olivier; Bailly, Jean‐Denis

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2013.08.005

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Before the experiments, the strains were grown on MEA plates for 7 days at 258C. Spore suspensions were prepared according to Adjovi et al (2014). In order to compare radial growth, a calibrated inoculum of 10 4 spores was centrally placed on both MEA and PDA, incubated at 258C in the dark and colony diameters were measured after 7 days.…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Between Wild-type Mutant and Complemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patulin is a cultivar‐dependent aggressiveness factor favouring the colonization of apples by Penicillium expansum

Snini

Tannous

Heuillard

et al. 2015

Molecular Plant Pathology

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The blue mould decay of apples is caused by Penicillium expansum and is associated with contamination by patulin, a worldwide regulated mycotoxin. Recently, a cluster of 15 genes (patA-patO) involved in patulin biosynthesis was identified in P. expansum. blast analysis revealed that patL encodes a Cys6 zinc finger regulatory factor. The deletion of patL caused a drastic decrease in the expression of all pat genes, leading to an absence of patulin production. Pathogenicity studies performed on 13 apple varieties indicated that the PeΔpatL strain could still infect apples, but the intensity of symptoms was weaker compared with the wild-type strain. A lower growth rate was observed in the PeΔpatL strain when this strain was grown on nine of the 13 apple varieties tested. In the complemented PeΔpatL:patL strain, the ability to grow normally in apple and the production of patulin were restored. Our results clearly demonstrate that patulin is not indispensable in the initiation of the disease, but acts as a cultivar-dependent aggressiveness factor for P. expansum. This conclusion was strengthened by the fact that the addition of patulin to apple infected by the PeΔpatL mutant restored the normal fungal colonization in apple.

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Section: Comparative Analysis Between Wild-type Mutant and Complemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patulin is a cultivar‐dependent aggressiveness factor favouring the colonization of apples by Penicillium expansum

Snini

Tannous

Heuillard

et al. 2015

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…All the samples met the proposed East Africa regulatory threshold of 10 μg/kg. Similar observations regarding the low contamination by aflatoxins in cassava are reported in Ghana (Wareing, Westby, Gibbs, Allotey, & Halm, 2001), Republic of Benin (Adjovi et al., 2014; Gnonlonfin et al., 2012) and Tanzania (Sulyok et al., 2015) The occurrence of aflatoxins in cassava chips from Cameroon was only detected after 4 weeks’ storage (Essono et al., 2009). These results suggested that fresh cassava is safe regarding aflatoxin contamination; however, processing methods such as heat treatment, sun drying, or freezing may alter the ability of cassava to block toxinogenesis, leading to secondary contamination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Udomkun

Mutegi

Wossen

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

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Aflatoxins are noxious secondary metabolites, of certain fungal species, found in food and feed. Contamination of a commodity with aflatoxins is associated with production and storage losses, and subsequently less food availability. Aflatoxins can also pose human health risks and represent a barrier to the development of trade, in both domestic and international markets. In this study, samples of cassava, maize, groundnut, beans, soybean, sorghum and milk, and their processed products were collected from local markets in Burundi and Eastern DRC. In order to investigate the levels of aflatoxin, crop samples were analyzed using a single step lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (Reveal Q+), while enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze aflatoxin‐M1 in milk, yogurt, and cheese samples. The results revealed the presence of aflatoxins in all samples from both countries, with levels ranging from 1.3 to 2,410 μg/kg. Samples collected from Burundi contained relatively higher (p > 0.0.5) levels of aflatoxins. In 51% of all the crops samples, total aflatoxin contamination was above the EU maximum tolerable level of 4 μg/kg. Processed products, particularly from groundnut, maize, and sorghum, had the highest levels of aflatoxin contamination when compared to unprocessed grain. With regard to milk and dairy products, the level of aflatoxin‐M1 ranged from 4.8 to 261.1 ng/kg. Approximately 29% of milk and yogurt samples had aflatoxin‐M1 higher than the EU regulatory limit of 50 ng/kg, whereas 20% of cheese samples were found to be contaminated at levels higher than the maximum limit of 250 ng/kg. These results can serve as the basis for pre‐ and postharvest approaches to reduce aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodities in Burundi and Eastern DRC in order to reduce health risk, avoid reduced production in livestock, and open up export markets.

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“…Another survey conducted in Tanzania, found no aflatoxin contamination of cassava flour from Tanzanian villages produced following a direct drying process (Muzanila et al, 2000). Similarly, works done in Ghana by Wareing et al (2001), in Nigeria by Jimoh and Kolapo (2008), in Benin by Gnonlonfin et al (2008Gnonlonfin et al ( , 2012 and Adjovi et al (2013) also showed that fully direct processed cassava chips samples were not contaminated by aflatoxins.…”

Section: Fungi and Mycotoxins In Cassava Products During Processingmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recently, several studies aimed to establish prevalence of key mycotoxins in Africa have been initiated, although only a few have been carried out in Tanzania, Benin, and all have focused on aflatoxins and fumonisins. In Benin, Adjovi et al (2013) have shown the presence of toxigenic strains of Aspergillus of the Flavi section in cassava chips produced and sold in Benin, but no presence of aflatoxins was observed. This study also revealed the presence of new species of genus Aspergillus which are aflatoxigenic: Aspergillusparvisclerotigenes and Aspergillus novoparasiticus.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 95%

Occurrence of mycotoxins in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its products

Adjovi

Gnonlonfin

Bailly

et al. 2015

IJFSNPH

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Contamination of foods with mycotoxins represents an important limit to the income of farmers and a major public health concern especially in tropical countries. Cassava represents an important part of the diet of many people in this part of the word and the most important smallholder crop in Africa. Fungal contamination of cassava products can occur at pre-harvest level or after, during processing, according to the conditions (moisture, temperature, competition with other microorganisms). Such fungal contamination can also lead to mycotoxin accumulation. The most common fungi found in cassava products belong to genera Rhyzopus, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Phoma and Penicillium. Their corresponding mycotoxins could also be found in cassava. However, until now, the correlation between the presence of Aspergillus flavus and its toxins aflatoxins remains unclear. In this review, we broadly report data about mycotoxins contamination of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its derivatives, with a special emphasis on aflatoxins.

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Analysis of the contrast between natural occurrence of toxigenic Aspergilli of the Flavi section and aflatoxin B1 in cassava

Cited by 42 publications

References 55 publications

Patulin is a cultivar‐dependent aggressiveness factor favouring the colonization of apples by Penicillium expansum

Patulin is a cultivar‐dependent aggressiveness factor favouring the colonization of apples by Penicillium expansum

Occurrence of aflatoxin in agricultural produce from local markets in Burundi and Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Occurrence of mycotoxins in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its products

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