Analysis of the combined effect of lasers of different wavelengths for PDT outcome using 600, 630, and 660 nm

Abstract

Abstract:We investigated the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcome when combining three laser systems that produce light in three different wavelengths (600, 630, and 660 nm). Cooperative as well as independent effects can be observed. We compared the results of the combined wavelengths of light with the effect of single laser for the excitation of the photosensitizer. In the current experiment, the used photosensitizer was Photogem R (1.5 mg/kg). Combining two wavelengths for PDT, their cumulative dose and different penetrability may change the overall effect of the fluence of light, which can be effective for increasing the depth of necrosis. This evaluation was performed by comparing the depth and specific aspect of necrosis obtained by using single and dual wavelengths for irradiation of healthy liver of male Wistar rats. We used 15 animals and divided them in five groups of three animals. First, Photogem R was administered; follow by measurement of the fluorescence spectrum of the liver before PDT to confirm the level of accumulation of photosensitizer in the tissue. After that, an area of 1 cm 2 of the liver was illuminated using different laser combinations. Qualitative analysis of the necrosis was carried out through histological and morphological study.

Empirical Modeling of Zn/ZnO Nanoparticles Decorated/Conjugated with Fotolon (Chlorine e6) Based Photodynamic Therapy towards Liver Cancer Treatment

“…The cell viability of the ZnO nanoparticles’ exposed cells were assessed by applying the standard protocol of a neutral red assay (NRA) analysis [2,3,4,5]. In the first step, the cells were seeded in 96-well plates and were exposed to a different concentration of ZnO nanoparticles dispersion, with a mixture of Fotolon in the absence and presence of laser light exposure (630 nm and UV light).…”

“…In the first step, the cells were seeded in 96-well plates and were exposed to a different concentration of ZnO nanoparticles dispersion, with a mixture of Fotolon in the absence and presence of laser light exposure (630 nm and UV light). After 24 h of cell incubation with ZnO nanoparticles at optimal concentration, 50 μL of neutral red assay (50 mg/mL) was incorporated in the treated cultured plate and incubated for 3 h [2,3,4,8,9]. The medium was removed and the cells were washed with 40% formaldehyde and 10% cacl 2 ( v / v , 4:1).…”

“…The liver cancerous HepG2 cell line is used for in vitro and in vivo studies [2,3,4]. The HepG2 cell line is morphologically similar to the parenchyma cells, and has the ability to synthesize the plasma proteins and growth factors (e.g., protoporphyrine (PpIX)) [5,6].…”

Automatedin vivoidentification of fungal infection on human scalp using optical coherence tomography and machine learning

“…In contrast to these imaging modalities, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a preferred technique because it is easy to use, inexpense compared with most other microscopy techniques and, due to its non-ionizing characteristics, it is safer. OCT is a noninvasive imaging modality with a high resolution and it is able to perform cellular level imaging as well as providing depth information [11,25]. OCT typically achieves a penetration depth of a few millimeters and a resolution of several microns [12].…”

Evaluation for in vitro Photodynamic Activity of Chlorin e6-Artesunate Conjugates by Irradiation with Different Wavelengths of Light Source

“…[4][5][6][7] Similarly, treating photosensitizers with different wavelengths of light has great effects on their PDT in antibacterial and antitumor application. [8][9][10][11][12][13] As degradation products of Chlorophyll a, chlorins possess porphine macrocyclic scaffold and high photosensitive effect. Besides, chlorins exhibit selective uptake and efficient phototoxicity in tumor tissue.…”