Analysis of the bovine viral diarrhea virus genome for possible cellular insertions

Qi, Fengxia; Ridpath, Julia F.; Lewis, Terry L.; Bolin, Steve; Berry, Eugene S.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90704-s

Cited by 95 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The genome of pestiviruses varies in length from 12n5 to 16n5 kb (Becher et al, 1994 ;Collett et al, 1988 a ;Meyers et al, 1989 ;Moormann & Hulst, 1988 ;Qi et al, 1992 ;Renard et al, 1985) and contains a single large open reading frame which after translation is converted into mature proteins by virus and host cell proteases (Ru$ menapf et al, 1993). The core protein, C, and three glycoproteins, E rns , E1 and E2, which are the structural proteins, are encoded in the 5' region of the genome Author for correspondence : R. J. M. Moormann.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of pestivirus infection in cell culture by envelope proteins E(rns) and E2 of classical swine fever virus: E(rns) and E2 interact with different receptors.

Hulst¹,

Moormann²

1997

Journal of General Virology

125

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Pure preparations of envelope glycoproteins E rns and E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) synthesized in insect cells were used to study infection of porcine and bovine cells with the pestiviruses CSFV and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Almost 100 % inhibition of infection of porcine kidney cells with CSFV was produced by 100 µg/ml E rns . After removal of the virus no E rns was needed in the overlay medium (growth medium) to maintain this level of inhibition. In contrast, 100 % inhibition of infection of porcine kidney cells with CSFV by 10 µg/ml E2 was only achieved when E2 was added to the overlay medium. When E2 was omitted, a maximum of 50 % inhibition was achieved. This indicated that after the virus and E2 were removed from the cells, infection still occurred, by virus

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of pestivirus infection in cell culture by envelope proteins E(rns) and E2 of classical swine fever virus: E(rns) and E2 interact with different receptors.

Hulst¹,

Moormann²

1997

Journal of General Virology

125

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“…This hypothesis is supported paradoxically by our result that CP BVD viruses change to NCP biotype by deletion of the cellular mRNA integrated in the region encoding p125 nonstructural protein. The existence of foreign RNA insertion into the portion of the genome encoding for the p125 polypeptide have been reported for several, but not all, CP BVD viruses [7,9,12,[20][21][22][23]25]. Therefore, the occurrence of insertion may not be the only mechanism involved in biotypic determination [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation from Cytopathogenic Biotype to Non-Cytopathogenic Biotype is Correlated with the Deletion of Cellular Sequence from Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses.

Nakamura¹,

Sakamoto

Sakoda

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Non-cytopathogenic (NCP) viruses of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus were detected at a low ratio by the reverse plaque formation method from virus samples after several plaque clonings of cytopathogenic (CP) BVD viruses; NADL and Osloss strains. This phenomenon suggests that the NCP BVD viruses are produced at a low ratio during the propagation of CP BVD viruses in vitro. To investigate the differences between the parent CP BVD virus and the NCP BVD virus as a real progeny, the regions flanking the insertion of cellular mRNA in the p125 domain of NADL and Osloss strains were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pGEM 3Z plasmid vector, and then sequenced. Consequently, it was confirmed that sequences of cellular mRNA insertion of CP BVD viruses, NADL and Osloss strains, were completely and exactly deleted from the NCP BVD viruses which were real progeny of CP BVD viruses, NADL and Osloss strains. These results suggest that NCP BVD viruses may revert from CP biotype to NCP biotype by the deletion of cellular mRNA insertion in the viral genome of CP BVD viruses (NADL and Osloss strains). proposed that a NCP BVD virus mutated to a CP BVD virus by taking up cellular sequences during a recombination event in persistently infected animals [21,22]. This hypothesis, however, was challenged by observations that some CP BVD viruses lacked the insertion in their genomes [7,9,12]. Therefore, the understanding of the cytopathogenicity of the BVD virus seems far from complete. Recently, NCP BVD viruses were isolated from CP BVD virus stocks and each virus stock of CP BVD virus contained simultaneously two kinds of NCP BVD viruses showing a different manner of interference [24]. It was speculated that the mutation from the CP biotype to the NCP biotype occurred during the propagation of CP BVD viruses in vitro. This paper deals with the possibility that the reversion of BVD virus from CP biotype to NCP biotype is caused by the deletion of cellular mRNA insertion in viral genome of CP BVD viruses; NADL and Osloss strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viruses and cells:The NADL [13] and Osloss strains [26] of CP BVD virus and derivative NCP BVD viruses (NADL-END + , NADL-END -, Osloss-END + and Osloss-END -strains) newly isolated from plaque cloned NADL and Osloss strains in our laboratory were used in this study. The NADL strain originated from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, U.S.A.), and the Osloss strain was kindly provided by Prof. B. Liess, Institute for Virology, Hannover Veterinary School, Germany. Stock viruses were propagated in bovine testicle (BT) cell cultures and stored at 80°C. The BT cells were grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 10% fetal

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“…A cytopathic (cp) infection is the result of the cleavage between the two proteins forming NS2 and NS3 due to genomic insertions, duplications or mutations (Kummerer and Meyers 2000;Qi et al 1992) The cleavage of NS2 and NS3 is also regulated by a protease activity of the NS2 protein and cleavage between NS2/NS3 is believed to be required for replication in the early stages of an ncp infection before cleavage reduces considerably as the infection progresses (Neill 2013). NS2 is also essential for the migration of the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum.…”

Section: Figure 12: Structure Of the Bvdv Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection with a cytopathic strain of BVDV, in vitro, leads to the disruption of cellular structure while noncytopathic infection causes no change to cell structure (Bendfeldt et al 2007;Goyal and Ridpath 2005). NCP viruses have the potential to develop into CP biotypes when subjected to genomic insertions, duplications or mutations (Kummerer and Meyers 2000;Qi et al 1992). The co-circulation of both biotypes has been associated with virus-induced apotosis which has the potential to result in severe clinical consequences for the host (Ammari et al 2012.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle on Irish farms

O’Brien

Garvey

Walsh

et al. 2017

Research in Veterinary Science

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The genotype and subgenotype was established for 325 field viruses and one commercial vaccine viral strain based on the analysis of at least one genomic region. BVDV-1a was the prominent subgenotype (n=317) with BVDV-1b (n=6), BVDV-1d (n=1) and BVDV-1e (n=1) also observed. A number of nucleotide sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees were constructed to represent the relationship between Irish field viruses and reference strains representative of all known BVDV genotypes and subgenotypes. Evidence of both herd specific clustering and circulation of multiple strains within herds was observed; however no evidence of county specific clustering was observed. A number of completely conserved nucleotide regions were observed and the 5'UTR was found to be more conserved than the N pro fragment analysed. The results of this study provide a detailed and comprehensive insight into the genetic diversity of BVDV in circulation within Irish cattle herds and will act as a baseline reference for future BVDV genotyping studies.

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Analysis of the bovine viral diarrhea virus genome for possible cellular insertions

Cited by 95 publications

References 14 publications

Inhibition of pestivirus infection in cell culture by envelope proteins E(rns) and E2 of classical swine fever virus: E(rns) and E2 interact with different receptors.

Inhibition of pestivirus infection in cell culture by envelope proteins E(rns) and E2 of classical swine fever virus: E(rns) and E2 interact with different receptors.

Variation from Cytopathogenic Biotype to Non-Cytopathogenic Biotype is Correlated with the Deletion of Cellular Sequence from Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses.

Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle on Irish farms

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