Analysis of the basic processes involved in the deposition, degradation, persistence, and effectiveness of pesticides

Ebeling, Walter

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8377-6_3

Cited by 44 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…Apparent or observed contact angles on rough surfaces are greater than on smooth surfaces provided the angle exceeds 90° (Adam 1941) and a rough paraffin surface can have a contact angle of 158° (Dettre and Johnson 1963). Rough leaf surfaces have higher contact angles than smooth leaf surfaces and the angles increase with increasing roughness if that of the smooth leaf surface is above lOO° (Ebeling 1963). Even changes in surface configuration produced by the wilting ofleaves increases the angle (Fogg 1944(Fogg , 1947.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracuticular Wax and Contact Angle Measurements on Wheat (Triticum Vulgare L.)

Troughton¹,

Hall²

1967

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryExtracuticular wax and contact angles on wheat were studied because of their influence on the retention of chemical sprays and on disease resistance. Wax formed extensive deposits on wheat, irrespective of variety, stage of growth, or part of the plant, and these deposits overlaid or projected from the cuticle as platelets and rodlets. Platelets covered the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of seedlings and some mature plants, while a net of rodlets covered the ear, culm, sheath, and flag leaf abaxial surface. Rods were occasionally present on the abaxial surface of mature vegetative leaves. Wax influenced the advancing contact angle of water droplets on wheat. Contact angles were all high, i.e. greater than 130° and generally about 150°. The contact angle on the adaxial leaf surface was higher than on the abaxial leaf surface, except on glasshouse-grown reproductive plants, where there was no difference between the two sides. Seedlings had higher contact angles than mature plants, but there was no trend in contact angle with tissue age within a leaf or within a mature plant. The contact angle on the flag leaf of glasshouse-grown reproductive Aotea plants was 24° higher than on a similar plant grown in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracuticular Wax and Contact Angle Measurements on Wheat (Triticum Vulgare L.)

Troughton¹,

Hall²

1967

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…The rate at which contact insecticides penetrate stored grains affects their metabolic fate and the persistence of their residues, with degradation being directly proportional to penetration velocity (Rowlands, 1971). In addition to the physicochemical characteristics of the insecticide, formulation has great influence on penetration; lipophilic insecticides can penetrate more easily when formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (Ebeling, 1963), as were the insecticides in our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The temperature in the grain affected the velocity of reactions catalyzed by enzymes, and a 10 o C increase could double the rate of these reactions (Rowlands, 1967). Losses between 40 and 70% in the theoretical rates of captan, captafol, folpet, chlorotalonil, and dichlofluanid were found in fruits and vegetables processed at room temperature (El-Bidaoui et al, 2000;Hill et al, 2000). The results described here coincide with those obtained by Fussell et al (2002), which demonstrated the stability of 94 pesticides during processing of apple fruit frozen in the presence of dry ice (cryogenesis).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenitrothion and esfenvalerate stability during corn and wheat sample processing

Vásquez-Castro

Baptista²,

Trevizan

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The presence of insecticide residues in cereals represents a risk for the consumer, because these substances are used in large scale to protect stored grains from the attack of pests. The effects of three processing methods for corn and wheat samples on the stability of stored-grain protective insecticides were here evaluated. Fenitrothion and esfenvalerate were applied so as to produce theoretical concentrations of 10 and 0.5 mg kg -1 , respectively. Two hours after treatment, the grains were processed and deposition was analyzed by gas chromatography. Grain species did not influence insecticide stability. This stability was only dependent upon the processing method and insecticide type. Grains processed together with dry ice provided the greatest percentage of recovery for both insecticides. Regardless of the processing method, more esfenvalerate than fenitrothion was recovered, thus demonstrating the greater stability of the pyrethroid during this operation. Key words: stored grain, insecticide degradation, dry ice, gas chromatography ESTABILIDADE DE FENITROTION E ESFENVALERATO DURANTE O PROCESSAMENTO DE AMOSTRAS DE MILHO E TRIGORESUMO: A presença de resíduos de inseticida em amostras de cereais representa um risco ao consumidor, pois estas substâncias são empregadas em larga escala na preservação de grãos armazenados. Neste sentido, o efeito de três métodos de processamento de amostras de milho e trigo na estabilidade de inseticidas protetores de grãos armazenados foram avaliados. O fenitrotion e o esfenvalerato foram aplicados de modo a produzir concentração teórica de 10 e 0,5 mg kg -1 , respectivamente. Duas horas após o tratamento, os grãos foram processados e os depósitos analisados mediante cromatografia gasosa. A espécie de grão não teve influência na estabilidade dos inseticidas, sendo que essa estabilidade apenas dependeu do método de processamento e do inseticida. Os grãos processados junto com gelo seco proporcionaram a maior porcentagem de recuperação de ambos os inseticidas. Independente do método de processamento utilizado, conseguiu-se recuperar mais esfenvalerado do que fenitrotion, demonstrando-se assim, a maior estabilidade do piretróide durante esta operação. Palavras-chave: grãos armazenados, degradação de inseticida, gelo seco, cromatografia gasosa

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“…Pesticides residues may be translocated through other mechanisms: via the apoplast or symplast or across the mesophyll into the phloem [6]. The kind of chemical residues left on the crop depends on the nature of the pesticide, the pre-harvest interval and the conditions under which the crops are stored.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translocation of Pesticide Residues in Tomato, Mango and Pineapple Fruits

Akwasi¹,

Akomeah²,

Agyekum³

et al. 2015

JFSE

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Pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables have become a major concern associated with chemical food safety issues. Translocation of pesticides in tomato, mango and pineapple fruits in locally produced samples was investigated using gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS) procedures. Samples were fractionated with respect to distance from the skin to the core and prepared for analysis. Results showed that organochlorine, organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid residues were translocated in all fruit samples analyzed. With respect to tomato fractions, the peels retained more residues compared to the pulp and the central core. In the chemical species, organochlorines were retained more in the peels of tomato than the other fractions of the fruit. More organophosphate and organochlorine residues were detected in pineapple peels compared to the pulp. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were evenly distributed in the pineapple fruit. In mangoes, the pulp retained more chemical residues than other fractions of the fruit. More organochlorine residues were retained in the pulp of mango than in the other fractions of the fruit. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were evenly distributed throughout the mango fruit. All the chemical species identified were translocatable across the fractional parts of all the fruits. There were significant differences in translocation and residue accumulation of pesticides among the fractional parts of all samples.

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Analysis of the basic processes involved in the deposition, degradation, persistence, and effectiveness of pesticides

Cited by 44 publications

References 255 publications

Extracuticular Wax and Contact Angle Measurements on Wheat (Triticum Vulgare L.)

Extracuticular Wax and Contact Angle Measurements on Wheat (Triticum Vulgare L.)

Fenitrothion and esfenvalerate stability during corn and wheat sample processing

Translocation of Pesticide Residues in Tomato, Mango and Pineapple Fruits

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