Analysis of the bacterial communities in the waterlogged wooden cultural relics of the <i>Xiaobaijiao No. 1</i> shipwreck via high-throughput sequencing technology

Li, Qiuxia; Cao, Lixue; Wang, Wenfeng; Tan, Hongming; Jin, Tao; Wang, Guangyuan; Lin, Guocong; Xu, Ran

doi:10.1515/hf-2017-0132

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indeed, there are few studies investigating how shipwrecks impact indigenous microbial communities or evaluating their actual or potential oil pollution. Most of the current literature researching shipwrecks focuses on archaeological wood (Liu et al, 2018), artefacts (Li et al, 2018), shipwrecks as artificial reefs (Church et al, 2009;Mugge et al, 2019), and microbially induced corrosion (Russell et al, 2004). Analysis of microbial communities in oil-contaminated environments can provide valuable insight into ecosystem function and resilience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution From the HMS Royal Oak Shipwreck and Effects on Sediment Microbial Community Structure

et al. 2021

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Despite many shipwrecks containing oil there is a paucity of studies investigating their impact on surrounding environments. This study evaluates any potential effect the World War II shipwreck HMS Royal Oak is having on surrounding benthic sediments in Scapa Flow, Scotland. HMS (Her Majesty’s Ship) Royal Oak sank in 1939, subsequently leaked oil in the 1960s and 1990s, and is estimated to still hold 697 tonnes of fuel oil. In this study, sediments were analysed, over a 17.5 cm depth profile, along a 50–950 m cruciform transect away from the shipwreck. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) revealed low concentrations (205.91 ± 50.15 μg kg–1 of dry sediment), which did not significantly differ with either distance from the shipwreck or sediment depth. PAH concentrations were well below the effects-range low (ERL) for the OSPAR (Oslo/Paris convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic) maritime area. The average Pyrogenic Index, in sediments around HMS Royal Oak, was 1.06 (±0.34), indicating PAHs were pyrogenic rather than petrogenic. Moreover, analysis of sediment microbiomes revealed no significant differences in bacterial community structure with distance from the shipwreck, with extremely low levels of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB; 0.21% ± 0.54%). Both lines of evidence suggest that sampled sediments are not currently being impacted by petrogenic hydrocarbons and show no long-term impact by previous oil-spills from HMS Royal Oak.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution From the HMS Royal Oak Shipwreck and Effects on Sediment Microbial Community Structure

et al. 2021

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“…NGS refers to the newest molecular technologies relying on a combination of template preparation, sequencing and imaging, and data analysis [ 66 ]. Even if the application of NGS to the study of WAW is recent [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ], the high-throughput sequencing of microbial genomic DNA by MiSeq gave interesting results highlighting the presence of potential biodeteriogen taxa [ 71 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils as Alternative Biocides for the Preservation of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

et al. 2020

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Waterlogged archaeological wood is exposed to a high risk of biological degradation during the post-excavation phases of storage and restoration. For this reason, often biocides must be used to preserve wooden remains. In the present work three essential oils (cinnamon, wild thyme, and common thyme) were tested as possible alternative biocides to use in the preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood. The oils were first tested in vitro to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and to evaluate the biocidal activity on selected fungal strains. Then, the established MIC was applied on waterlogged archaeological wood samples and during an actual restoration treatment. The effectiveness of the oils was evaluated through cultural analyses, ATP quantification, and next-generation sequencing. The results showed that the oils caused a significant decrease in the vitality of fungal mycelia grown in vitro and of the microbiota present in treated wood and storage water. Furthermore, an influence on the composition of the bacterial communities of treated wood samples was observed. Although further tests are needed to evaluate interferences with the materials used during restoration procedures, essential oils could be considered as a possible alternative to the currently used biocide.

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“…1 wood was much less than that of Xiaobaijiao No. 1 [57]. The silt-covered anaerobic environment was actually protecting the ancient sunken ships, of which was also found in European countries [38].…”

Section: The Interior Changes Of the Shipwreck Wooden Componentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Microbial erosion assessment on waterlogged archaeological woods (WAWs) from a Chinese ancient shipwreck, Nanhai No. 1

et al. 2018

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This article aims at identifying the timber species of Nanhai No. 1, an ancient shipwreck (Song Dynasty, 800 years ago) sunk in the South China Sea, finding out the types of bacteria that corrode the wood components of the shipwreck and analyzing the erosion level. The changes of the internal structure of wood under different erosion degrees are described as well. With light microscope and electron microscope technology, the microscopic and submicroscopic structures of 20 wooden components from the shipwreck were investigated. The shipwreck was built of 6 timber species, including Pinus massoniana, Fokienia hodginsii, Terminalia hainanensis, Mischocarpus oppositifolius, Alnus trabeculosa and Mussaendopsis beccariana. Based on analyzing the traces left after bacterial erosion, it was determined that the erosive microbes in the sunken ship were mainly erosion bacteria and tunneling bacteria. According to the criteria from relevant literature, the analysis on the bacterial erosion degree of each wood sample shows that most of the wood components present weak to moderate erosion, except a few samples which are totally degraded. Comparison with the bacterial erosion on the wooden components of different ancient shipwrecks, sunk in different years in the southeast China, it is noticed that due to the different seabed environments (sunk conditions), the wood structure of the Nanhai No. 1 sunken ship is the best preserved although its sunken time is longer than the others. The silt-covered anaerobic environment could be one of the protective measures which preserves the ancient sunken ships.

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Analysis of the bacterial communities in the waterlogged wooden cultural relics of the Xiaobaijiao No. 1 shipwreck via high-throughput sequencing technology

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution From the HMS Royal Oak Shipwreck and Effects on Sediment Microbial Community Structure

Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution From the HMS Royal Oak Shipwreck and Effects on Sediment Microbial Community Structure

Essential Oils as Alternative Biocides for the Preservation of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

Microbial erosion assessment on waterlogged archaeological woods (WAWs) from a Chinese ancient shipwreck, Nanhai No. 1

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