Analysis of the Average Annual Consumption of Water in the Hospitals of Extremadura (Spain)

García-Sanz-Calcedo, Justo; Rodríguez, Fernando López; Yusaf, Talal; Al-Kassir, A.

doi:10.3390/en10040479

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A large part of water savings in a hospital is directly related to its everyday management [37], for which it is possible to act directly through the personnel. It is advisable to make staff and users aware of the importance of saving water through sensitisation and training campaigns, and to seek to maintain comfort in the hospital through the rational use of water [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Determination of Potable Cold Water Consumption in German Hospitals

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A hospital's water installations are critical for its function, but the environmental cost is high. This study quantifies the mean potable cold water consumption (PCWC) in 19 hospitals belonging to the German Public Health System. The hospital floor area ranges from 3000 to 151,000 m 2 and the number of beds from 45 to 1003 beds. To this end, 60 Eco-Management and Audit Scheme statements were analyzed corresponding to the period 2005-2015 in accordance with their geographic location, heating-degree-days per year, cold-degree-days per year, hospital category depending on the number of beds, floor area, and number of workers. It was found that PCWC is greater in hospitals located in areas with greater heating-degree-days per year. The potential mean annual savings estimated were 8,600,000 m 3 of water equivalent to 15,000,000 euros, 4000 MWh energy, and 30,000 tons of CO 2 emissions. It was concluded that, to determine the mean annual water consumption, it is preferable to use the number of beds as reference indicator, and the value of the consumption as reference indicator was proposed as 103 m 3 per bed per year.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Determination of Potable Cold Water Consumption in German Hospitals

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The hospitals were classified according to the following categories: geographical location (Badajoz or Cáceres), type of management (public or private) and size of the hospital (<120 beds, 120-300 beds and >300 beds). The study by García-Sanz-Calcedo et al [32] on water consumption in the public hospitals of Extremadura justify the categorization of hospital size according to the NBs in the case of water consumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Savings in DHW Facilities through the Use of Solar Thermal Energy in the Hospitals of Extremadura (Spain)

Sánchez-Barroso

González-Domínguez

2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hospitals need to prepare large amounts of domestic hot water (DHW) to develop their healthcare activity. The aim of this work was to analyse potential savings that can be achieved by installing solar thermal energy for production of domestic hot water in the hospitals of Extremadura (Spain). For this purpose, 25 hospitals between 533 and 87,118 m2 and between 15 and 529 beds were studied, three solar factor scenarios were simulated (0.70, 0.75 and 0.80) and the necessary investment and corresponding economic and environmental savings were calculated. Better economic results and energy ratios for 70% of solar contribution were obtained. These results show an average payback of 4.74 years (SD = 0.26) reaching 4.29 kWh/€ per year (SD = 0.20). Undertaking an investment of 674,423 €, 2,895,416 kWh/year of thermal energy could be generated with which to save both 145,933 € and 638 tons of CO2 per year. It was statistically demonstrated the priority of carrying out an installation with a solar factor of 70%, investing preferably in hospitals in Cáceres over those in Badajoz, especially in the public sector with more than 300 beds. These findings will provide hospital managers with useful information to make decisions on future investments.

show abstract

“…The average daily DHW consumption per bed in hospitals varies from 80 to 130 l/bed in Europe and from 100 to 150 l/bed in the USA [2,3]. The annual consumption of DHW and cold water can be calculate by the formulas presented in [5] considering B as the number of hospitals beds. In Poland, in reference to [6], water consumption depends on type and size of hospital, kind of unites and varies between 50 to 240 l/bed.…”

Section: Water Consumption In Hospitalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of greywater heat recovery system in hospitals

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The constant demand for domestic hot water (DHW) creates great opportunity for drain water heat recovery (DWHR) systems in hospitals, so there is an enormous potential to reduce energy consumption in accordance to the EU environmental policy. This paper aims to assess the energy saving from greywater in hospitals. The energy analysis considered the type, constructions, efficiency of the proposed four types of heat exchangers (HEX). The measured data from two Polish hospitals was elaborated and calculated for two supply cold water temperatures: constant and variable. Results ensure that implementation of HEX type GFX allows to save up 30% of the energy demand.

show abstract

Analysis of the Average Annual Consumption of Water in the Hospitals of Extremadura (Spain)

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Quantitative Determination of Potable Cold Water Consumption in German Hospitals

Quantitative Determination of Potable Cold Water Consumption in German Hospitals

Potential Savings in DHW Facilities through the Use of Solar Thermal Energy in the Hospitals of Extremadura (Spain)

Implementation of greywater heat recovery system in hospitals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About