Analysis of the Associations between Obesity Indices and Left Ventricular Mass

Abstract

The aims of this study were to investigate the association between different obesity indices and left ventricular mass (LVM) and to develop interventions for obese hypertensive patients to delay the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and LVM was explored using multiple regression analysis in all subjects (n = 1,035), the subgroups of patients aged < 65 (n = 713) and ≥65 years (n = 322), and perimenopausal women (n = 319). The VAI was the only obesity index associated with LVH (OR = 1.134; 95% CI 1.025–1.254, p = 0.015). In the subgroup of patients aged < 65 years, both systolic blood pressure and VAI were risk factors for LVH. However, in the subgroup aged ≥65 years, only systolic blood pressure was a risk factor, and there was no association between VAI and LVH (p = 0.13). Perimenopause was an independent risk factor (OR = 1.786; 95% CI 1.125–2.837, p = 0.014). Reducing the VAI rather than the BMI or waist circumference may prevent LVH complications in obese hypertensive patients. For patients aged < 65 years strict control of blood pressure and obesity may be important, and for those aged ≥65 years blood pressure control should be the priority. Estrogen replacement may be useful in postmenopausal women to prevent LVH.

Sex-specific cardiometabolic risk markers of left ventricular mass in physically active young adults: the CHIEF heart study

“…Hypertriglycerdemia and metabolic syndrome were the independent risk biomarkers of Cornell www.nature.com/scientificreports/ based ECG-LVH in physically active men and women, respectively. On the contrary, our prior and present works revealed an inverse association with Sokolow-Lyon based ECG-LVH for men 10 . As compared to men, premenopausal women were thinner, and affected more by the breast than the chest wall thickness, which might result in the sex differences.…”

“…As compared to men, premenopausal women were thinner, and affected more by the breast than the chest wall thickness, which might result in the sex differences. In addition, the Cornell based ECG-LVH, unlike the Sokolow-Lyon based ECG-LVH, used the limb lead aVL voltage as a part of the criterion, and might reduce the effect of greater chest wall thickness in obesity on diminishing the electrical signals, which has shown a higher accuracy to echocardiographic LVH for both young men and women in prior studies 10 . Furthermore, using the Cornell based ECG-LVH was superior to using the Sokolow-Lyon based ECG-LVH to predict incident CVD, which has been shown in prior studies as well 33,34 .…”

“…LVH may act as a role of mediator to CVD 9 , and can be a sign of patients with increased risk of CVD where physicians may take a more aggressive action on CVD prevention. Prior studies have revealed that the contributions of the cardiometabolic risk markers to LVH or CVD may vary by age and sex 10,11 . For instance, serum triglycerides have been associated with left ventricular mass (LVM) in hypertensive individuals, which might be only observed in…”

Visceral fat level correction of the left ventricular hypertrophy electrocardiographic criteria

“…The supremacy of VFATL (measured using the electrical impedance) over BMI in detecting CVD was revealed in two Japanese studies (in these studies, LVH was not present) (Kobayashi et al, 2006 ; Yamashita et al, 2012 ). Feng et al revealed that VFATL might be superior to BMI or waist circumference in predicting LVH in the population aged ≥65 years (Feng et al, 2018 ).…”

Sex Specific Cardiometabolic Risk Markers of Left Ventricular Mass in Physically Active Young Adults: The CHIEF Heart Study

“…LVH also may act as a role mediator to CVD [6], and can be a sign of patients with increased CVD risk where physicians may take a more aggressive action on CVD prevention. Prior studies have shown that the contributions of the cardiometabolic risk markers to LVH or CVD may vary by age and sex [7,8]. For instance, serum triglycerides have been associated with left ventricular mass (LVM) in hypertensive individuals, which might be only observed in men rather than women [8].…”