Analysis of the Adhesive-Invasive Potential of Two Morphologically Different Types of Mycoplasma hominis Colonies

Galyamina, M. A.; Ladygina, V. G.; Pobeguts, Olga; Rakovskaya, I. V.

doi:10.1007/s10517-022-05582-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We also previously observed changes in colony size in an infectious model of HeLa cell infection with M. hominis . It was found that before infection, M. hominis cells formed TCs, and after acute infection of HeLa, we observed a decrease in colony size and the appearance of aTCs ( Galyamina et al., 2022 ). Biofilm quantification analysis ( Figure 2B ) showed that all strains are capable of forming biofilms, with the laboratory strain having the lowest ability, with an average OD600/OD550 value of 0.51.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Unraveling the adaptive strategies of Mycoplasma hominis through proteogenomic profiling of clinical isolates

Pobeguts,

Galaymina,

Sikamov

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionMycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) belongs to the class Mollicutes, characterized by a very small genome size, reduction of metabolic pathways, including transcription factors, and the absence of a cell wall. Despite this, they adapt well not only to specific niches within the host organism but can also spread throughout the body, colonizing various organs and tissues. The adaptation mechanisms of M. hominis, as well as their regulatory pathways, are poorly understood. It is known that, when adapting to adverse conditions, Mycoplasmas can undergo phenotypic switches that may persist for several generations.MethodsTo investigate the adaptive properties of M. hominis related to survival in the host, we conducted a comparative phenotypic and proteogenomic analysis of eight clinical isolates of M. hominis obtained from patients with urogenital infections and the laboratory strain H-34.ResultsWe have shown that clinical isolates differ in phenotypic features from the laboratory strain, form biofilms more effectively and show resistance to ofloxacin. The comparative proteogenomic analysis revealed that, unlike the laboratory strain, the clinical isolates possess several features related to stress survival: they switch carbon metabolism, activating the energetically least advantageous pathway of nucleoside utilization, which allows slowing down cellular processes and transitioning to a starvation state; they reconfigure the repertoire of membrane proteins; they have integrative conjugative elements in their genomes, which are key mediators of horizontal gene transfer. The upregulation of the methylating subunit of the restriction-modification (RM) system type I and the additional components of RM systems found in clinical isolates suggest that DNA methylation may play a role in regulating the adaptation mechanisms of M. hominis in the host organism. It has been shown that based on the proteogenomic profile, namely the genome sequence, protein content, composition of the RM systems and additional subunits HsdM, HsdS and HsdR, composition and number of transposable elements, as well as the sequence of the main variable antigen Vaa, we can divide clinical isolates into two phenotypes: typical colonies (TC), which have a high growth rate, and atypical (aTC) mini-colonies, which have a slow growth rate and exhibit properties similar to persisters.DiscussionWe believe that the key mechanism of adaptation of M. hominis in the host is phenotypic restructuring, leading to a slowing down cellular processes and the formation of small atypical colonies. This is due to a switch in carbon metabolism and activation the pathway of nucleoside utilization. We hypothesize that DNA methylation may play a role in regulating this switch.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Unraveling the adaptive strategies of Mycoplasma hominis through proteogenomic profiling of clinical isolates

Pobeguts,

Galaymina,

Sikamov

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Earlier from seven CICs samples precipitated from the serum of blood containing M. hominis DNA and from two CICs samples containing M. pneumoniae DNA, atypical cultures of “microcolonies” of M. hominis and M. pneumoniae were isolated; their specificity was confirmed not only by DIF and PCR but also by the ability to grow on a solid medium for mycoplasmas. As previously shown, the cells of “microcolonies” are resistant to various adverse factors that cause the death of cells of typical mycoplasma colonies, most likely due to changes in their physiological characteristics and their complete antibiotic resistance [ 17 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Long-Term Persistence of Mycoplasmas in Children with Asthma

et al. 2023

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Improving the management of children with asthma associated with mycoplasma infection is important. Aim: To study the duration of the persistence of antigens, and DNA in a free state, in the structures of circulating immune complexes (CICs) and living cells of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn) and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) in children with asthma. In total, 205 children with asthma from 1 to 14 years were observed. The reaction of aggregate-hemagglutination (AHAA), the direct immunofluorescence reaction (DIF), the reaction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the culture method were used. In addition, 47 children were re-examined 1.5 months after the treatment of mycoplasma infection with azithromycin. The number of samples positive for antigens and DNA in the free state and in the structures of CICs significantly decreased. Then, 50 blood serum samples containing Mh antigens, and 50 samples containing Mpn antigens were analyzed by culture method. Mh was isolated in 21 (65.5%) of 32 samples containing DNA. Mpn was isolated from antigen-positive samples in nine cases. The presented data indicate the long-term persistence of antigens, and DNA of mycoplasma cells in the free state, in the structure of CICs, as well as in the form of “microcolonies”. A high level of CICs can be used to predict the course of the disease and the response to therapy.

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Analysis of the Adhesive-Invasive Potential of Two Morphologically Different Types of Mycoplasma hominis Colonies

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Unraveling the adaptive strategies of Mycoplasma hominis through proteogenomic profiling of clinical isolates

Unraveling the adaptive strategies of Mycoplasma hominis through proteogenomic profiling of clinical isolates

Mechanisms of Long-Term Persistence of Mycoplasmas in Children with Asthma

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