We examined seasonal utilization of > 500 km of mangrove shoreline within a subtropical continental system by Lutjanus griseus, L. apodus, Haemulon sciurus, H. parra, and Sphyraena barracuda over 2 consecutive years. Mangrove use by these species was examined in terms of frequency of occurrence, density (fish 60 m -2 ), concentration (density among samples where number of fish ≥1), and selection (H 0 : habitat use = availability). All species exhibited either seasonal or spatial habitat selection. Mangrove shorelines closest to the reef tract (Keys) were used by snappers and grunts at much greater levels than their availability would suggest, whereas more inland and expansive mangrove shorelines were largely selected against. This selection pattern was evident year round for L. apodus, H. sciurus, and H. parra. In contrast, L. griseus preferred more inland mangroves during the dry season and Keys mangroves during the wet seasons. S. barracuda exhibited selection for Keys during the wet seasons and was the only species to exhibit non-selection (random) patterns among strata during the dry seasons. These results demonstrate that mangrove shorelines across broad spatial scales are not equivalent in their value as fish habitats, and that estimates of 'essential fish habitat' or 'nursery habitat' using total habitat area will grossly overestimate the amount of functional habitat used by these reef fishes.
KEY WORDS: Essential fish habitat · Habitat selection · Delta approach · Snapper · Grunt · Great barracuda · MangrovesResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Mar Ecol Prog Ser 356: 153-162, 2008 also evident for individual species belonging to the same functional group, i.e. reef fishes (Ley & McIvor 2001, Serafy et al. 2003. Martino & Able (2003) suggested that patterns in estuarine fish assemblage structure across large spatial scales (i.e. >10 km) are due to individual species responses to dominant environmental gradients. Following this logic, demonstrated that the distance between a sample location and an oceanic inlet (a proxy for crossshelf location) was primarily responsible for the separation of life-history stages of snappers and grunts within the mangrove shorelines of Biscayne Bay (southeastern Florida).The above studies are limited in that most considered shoreline mangroves as homogenous units and all ignored size or area of mangrove patches between locations. Thus they offer limited information about the relative importance or value of one mangrove stand compared to another. Although mangroves are gaining increased recognition as habitats that can enhance growth and survival of immature reef fishes, few studies have been conducted at sufficient spatial and temporal scales to examine variation in reef fish utilization within this habitat type (e.g. Faunce & Serafy 2006). These shortcomings are significant considering that the presence of mangrove-lined embayments enhances adult stocks of reef fishes in the western Atlantic (Dorenbosch et al. 2004, Mu...