Analysis of temporal behavior of beams diffracted by volume gratings formed in photopolymers

Kwon, Jin Hyuk; Hwang, Hyo Chang; Woo, Kyong Chul

doi:10.1364/josab.16.001651

Cited by 93 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The changes in the density and the molecular polarizability, which accompany the polymerisation, lead to change in the local photopolymer refractive index and a hologram is recorded. According to recently developed theoretical models [8][9][10][11] describing holographic recording in photopolymer systems, an important process in hologram formation is monomer diffusion from the dark to bright fringe areas. Our recent investigations of the post recording behaviour of low diffraction efficiency gratings reveal that monomer diffusion in the acrylamide-based photopolymer system is comparatively fast [12] and is characterised by diffusion constant of D 01 =1.6.10 -7 cm 2 /s in absence of crosslinker.…”

Section: 1photopolymers For Holographic Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holographic patterning of acrylamide-based photopolymer surface

Naydenova¹,

Mihaylova²,

Martin³

et al. 2005

Opt. Express

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Abstract:The patterning of an acrylamide-based photopolymer surface by holographic recording is studied. The patterns are induced by light alone and no post-processing is required. Periodic surface modulation is observed in addition to a volume phase grating. An investigation has been carried out using white light interferometry into the dependence of the amplitude of the photoinduced surface relief modulation on the spatial frequency, intensity of recording and sample thickness. The observed dependencies indicate that the diffusion of material during the holographic recording plays a major role in surface relief formation. The possibility for inscription of surface relief patterns opens the door to at least two new applications for this photopolymer: fabrication of diffractive optical elements and biosensors.

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Section: 1photopolymers For Holographic Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holographic patterning of acrylamide-based photopolymer surface

Naydenova¹,

Mihaylova²,

Martin³

et al. 2005

Opt. Express

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“…Sheridan et al developed the Nonlocal Polymerization-Driven Diffusion (NPDD) model, which extended the Zhao model to include a nonlocal spatial response to account for high spatial frequency cut-off -Model I [6]. A square root relationship, shown to exist between the polymerization rate and the illuminating intensity [7,8], was also incorporated -Model II [9]. Kinetics of the polymerization process have recently been examined [10,11] for the cases when the chain termination mechanism is either bimolecular (two chains terminating mutually) or primary (chain terminated with a free radical) -Model III.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal analysis of grating formation in photopolymer using the nonlocal polymerization-driven diffusion model

Kelly¹,

Gleeson²,

Close³

et al. 2005

Opt. Express

160

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Abstract:The nonlocal polymerization-driven diffusion model (NPDD) has been shown to predict high spatial frequency cut-off in photopolymers and to accurately predict higher order grating components. We propose an extension to the NPDD model to account for the temporal response associated with polymer chain growth. An exponential response function is proposed to describe transient effects during the polymerization process. The extended model is then solved using a finite element technique and the nature of grating evolution examined in the case when illumination is stopped prior to the saturation of the grating recording process. Based on independently determined refractive index measurements we determine the temporal evolution of the refractive index modulation and the resulting diffraction efficiency using rigorous coupled wave theory. Material parameters are then extracted based on fits to experimental data for nonlinear and both ideal and non-ideal kinetic models.

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“…Sheridan and Lawrence developed the nonlocal polymer driven diffusion model ͑NPDD͒ which extended the Zhao and Mouroulis model to include a nonlocal spatial response to account for high spatial frequency cutoff-Model I. 10 A square root relationship, shown to exist between the polymerization rate and the illuminating intensity, 11,12 was also incorporatedModel II. 13,14 Kinetics of the polymerization process has recently been examined 15,16 when the chain termination mechanism is either bimolecular ͑two chains terminating mutually͒ or primary ͑chain terminated with a free radical͒-Model III.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal response and first order volume changes during grating formation in photopolymers

Kelly

Gleeson

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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We examine the evolution of the refractive index modulation when recording gratings in an acrylamide based photopolymer. A nonlocal diffusion model is used to predict theoretically the grating evolution. The model has been developed to account for both nonlocal spatial and temporal effects in the medium, which can be attributed to polymer chain growth. Previously it was assumed that the temporal effect of chain growth could be neglected. However, temporal effects due to chain growth and monomer diffusion are shown to be significant, particularly over short recording periods where dark field amplification is observed. The diffusion model is solved using a finite-difference technique to predict the evolution of the monomer and polymer concentrations throughout grating recording. Using independently measured refractive index values for each component of the recording medium, the Lorentz-Lorenz relation is used to determine the corresponding refractive index modulation. The corresponding diffraction efficiency is then determined using rigorous coupled wave analysis. The diffraction efficiency curves are presented for gratings recorded using short exposure times, monitored in real time, both during and after recording. The effect of volume shrinkage of polymer on grating evolution is also examined. Both the nonlocal temporal response of the material and monomer diffusion are shown to influence refractive index modulation postexposure.

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Analysis of temporal behavior of beams diffracted by volume gratings formed in photopolymers

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

Holographic patterning of acrylamide-based photopolymer surface

Holographic patterning of acrylamide-based photopolymer surface

Temporal analysis of grating formation in photopolymer using the nonlocal polymerization-driven diffusion model

Temporal response and first order volume changes during grating formation in photopolymers

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