“…Regarding TIMSS, PIRLS, and PISA, policy makers changed the curriculum in 2005. Although improved in recent years, Turkey's performance in these international examinations is far below that of European Union member states and some Asian countries (Alacacı & Erbaş, 2010;Anıl, 2009;Bayraktar, 2010;Berberoğlu & Kalender, 2005;Çelen, Çelik, & Seferoğlu, 2011;Gümüş & Atalmış, 2012;Güner, Sezer, & Akkuş İspir, 2013;Gür, Çelik, & Özoğlu, 2012;Özer & Anıl, 2011;Özgün-Koca & Şen, 2002;Yücel, Karadağ, & Turan, 2013;Zopluoğlu, 2013). Thus, it is essential to understand the factors affecting students' performance to create an efficient and productive educational system in Turkey and to increase students' success.…”