Analysis of tablet compaction. II. Finite element analysis of density distributions in convex tablets

Variations in Compaction Behaviour for Tablets of Different Size and Shape, Revealed by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

“…This has been demonstrated in numerous investigations using various techniques: Briscoe and Rough 1 employed the 'coloured layer method' to infer local variations within compacted alumina powder; Macleod and Marshall 2 used the natural radioactivity of uranium dioxide to image density variation; Kandeil and de Malherbe revealed patterns of hardness variations within compacted aluminium powder; 3 similar effects were also observed for compacted synthetic polymers by Crawford et al; 4 Sinka et al 5 used microindentation to measure hardness variations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after infiltration with a nonswelling liquid to observe porosity variations 6 and X-ray microtomography (XmT) to measure density variations 7 within compacted microcrystalline cellulose (MCC); XmT was also used by Busignies et al 8 to study MCC tablets. In addition to these and other experimental works, density variations have also been demonstrated in computer-based simulations of compaction behaviour, using finite element methods.…”

Process Simulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Review of Some Basic Physical Models

“…While results were only reported for MCC, the experimental methodologies developed in this study were general and could potentially be extended to characterize other pharmaceutically relevant materials. Sinka et al 15 utilized this more robust experimental data to validate the numerical models and resulting density distributions in convex MCC tablets produced in both lubricated and nonlubricated dies. The results indicated conclusively that powder-die wall friction has a significant effect on the density distribution within a tablet.…”

Numerical Investigation of the Residual Stress Distribution of Flat-Faced and Convexly Curved Tablets Using the Finite Element Method

“…Various stresses remain on the surface and in the interior of tablets after the compression. The effect of the residual stress distributions of tablets on tablet hardenss [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and tableting failures such as capping and lamination 9,10) have been numerically investigated. The finite element method (FEM), in which the powder is modeled using the Drucker-Prager cap (DPC) model, [9][10][11][12][13][14] can be applied to modeling the deformation of pharmaceutical powders 11,15) and thus to simulate the residual stress distribution of tablets.…”