Analysis of tablet compaction. I. Characterization of mechanical behavior of powder and powder/tooling friction

Cunningham, J. C.; Sinka, I.C.; Zavaliangos, Antonios

doi:10.1002/jps.20110

Cited by 163 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These were originally developed for application in soil mechanics and geotechniques. These models have been adapted to model the compaction of metal powders [20], ceramic powders [21], and pharmaceutical powders [22][23][24][25], in biomass industry for corn stover and switchgrass by Kaliyan and Morey [12] and numerous other models involving other powder compaction industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Characterization of Reed Canary Grass Pellet Formation Phenomenon

Dhamodaran

Afzal

2013

IJRSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The behaviour of pelletized reed canary grass (RCG) with selected feedstock and process parameters was studied for variation in springback characteristics based on axial changes after the compaction process. Experiments were carried out using a uniaxial single piston cylinder assembly with a proportional integral derivative temperature controller which was built in house for research purposes. A Multiple linear regression analysis based on moisture, temperature, pressure, hold time and their interaction terms was carried out to predict the length of pellets under compression in the die and excellent correlation were obtained. A finite difference method with over relaxation technique was successfully adopted to analyse the pressure and density distributions of biomass under compressive load. The compact geometry and friction between particles and die wall had effects on the pressure and density distributions in the compacted biomass. RCG pellets with lowest expansion were subjected to axial and diametrical compression tests. Bonding and failure analysis were carried out using scanning electron microscope which showed uneven breakage and interparticle voids.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Characterization of Reed Canary Grass Pellet Formation Phenomenon

Dhamodaran

Afzal

2013

IJRSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[15][16][17][18][19] However, a few problems remain to be solved. Powders such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose (LAC) have been used to prepare the model formulation in many studies, 6,[9][10][11]15) despite actual pharmaceutical products including many different types of excipients. We previously demonstrated that the residual stress distribution of flat-faced tablets is affected by the formulation factors, such as the quantities of MCC, LAC and corn starch, and is closely related to tablet characteristics, such as the tensile strength and disintegration time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Residual Stress Distribution of Flat-Faced and Convexly Curved Tablets Using the Finite Element Method

Otoguro

Hayashi

Miura

et al. 2015

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The stress distribution of tablets after compression was simulated using a finite element method, where the powder was defined by the Drucker-Prager cap model. The effect of tablet shape, identified by the surface curvature, on the residual stress distribution was investigated. In flat-faced tablets, weak positive shear stress remained from the top and bottom die walls toward the center of the tablet. In the case of the convexly curved tablet, strong positive shear stress remained on the upper side and in the intermediate part between the die wall and the center of the tablet. In the case of x-axial stress, negative values were observed for all tablets, suggesting that the x-axial force always acts from the die wall toward the center of the tablet. In the flat tablet, negative x-axial stress remained from the upper edge to the center bottom. The x-axial stress distribution differed between the flat and convexly curved tablets. Weak stress remained in the y-axial direction of the flat tablet, whereas an upward force remained at the center of the convexly curved tablet. By employing multiple linear regression analysis, the mechanical properties of the tablets were predicted accurately as functions of their residual stress distribution. However, the multiple linear regression prediction of the dissolution parameters of acetaminophen, used here as a model drug, was limited, suggesting that the dissolution of active ingredients is not a simple process; further investigation is needed to enable accurate predictions of dissolution parameters. Key words tablet shape; simulation; mathematical model; residual stress; finite element method; multiple linear regression Tablets are the most common and popular dosage form of drug administration. Tablets are generally manufactured by compressing a mixture of dry powders or granules using metal dies and punches. Various stresses remain on the surface and in the interior of tablets after the compression. The effect of the residual stress distributions of tablets on tablet hardenss [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and tableting failures such as capping and lamination 9,10) have been numerically investigated. The finite element method (FEM), in which the powder is modeled using the Drucker-Prager cap (DPC) model, [9][10][11][12][13][14] can be applied to modeling the deformation of pharmaceutical powders 11,15) and thus to simulate the residual stress distribution of tablets. Powders are modeled as continuum media in the FEM and the compaction process is identified by boundary-value analysis. The DPC model is often applied to the analysis of the stress distribution and relative-density changes of the tablets during the tableting process. In examples of the use of the DPC model, Han et al. 12) reported that the density distributions of the tablets were affected by the punch geometry while Wu et al. 9,10) described how tablet failure is more likely to be associated with a band of intensive shear stress generated during the decompression of tablets. Additionally, the density distribution pa...

show abstract

“…5,6) In the FEM, powders are modeled as continuum media and the compaction behavior is analyzed by solving boundary value problems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4) The FEM is a numerical analytical method that is well established for the modeling of the deformation of powders in various industries, such as compaction in ceramic industries, and for the analysis of pharmaceutical-powder compaction. 5,6) In the FEM, powders are modeled as continuum media and the compaction behavior is analyzed by solving boundary value problems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20) However, a few issues remained unclear. The first was that a placebo powder and one other type of powder (such as microcrystal cellulose or lactose) were used to model formulation in many studies, 1,5,19) even though the actual pharmaceutical products included one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients and many different excipients. Second, the effect of variables of the manufacturing process on DPC model parameters and residual stress distribution remains obscure, although the impact of the compression force has been well reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Process Variables on the Drucker–Prager Cap Model and Residual Stress Distribution of Tablets Estimated by the Finite Element Method

Hayashi

Otoguro

Miura

et al. 2014

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A multivariate statistical technique was applied to clarify the causal correlation between variables in the manufacturing process and the residual stress distribution of tablets. Theophylline tablets were prepared according to a Box-Behnken design using the wet granulation method. Water amounts (X 1 ), kneading time (X 2 ), lubricant-mixing time (X 3 ), and compression force (X 4 ) were selected as design variables. The DruckerPrager cap (DPC) model was selected as the method for modeling the mechanical behavior of pharmaceutical powders. Simulation parameters, such as Young's modulus, Poisson rate, internal friction angle, plastic deformation parameters, and initial density of the powder, were measured. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the simulation parameters were significantly affected by process variables. The constructed DPC models were fed into the analysis using the finite element method (FEM), and the mechanical behavior of pharmaceutical powders during the tableting process was analyzed using the FEM. The results of this analysis revealed that the residual stress distribution of tablets increased with increasing X 4 . Moreover, an interaction between X 2 and X 3 also had an effect on shear and the x-axial residual stress of tablets. Bayesian network analysis revealed causal relationships between the process variables, simulation parameters, residual stress distribution, and pharmaceutical responses of tablets. These results demonstrated the potential of the FEM as a tool to help improve our understanding of the residual stress of tablets and to optimize process variables, which not only affect tablet characteristics, but also are risks of causing tableting problems.Key words tablet; simulation; mathematical model; residual stress; processing; Bayesian networkVarious stresses, such as shear and axial stress, remain in tablets after the tableting process, because of the induction of elastic recovery. This type of stress, which is termed the residual stress distribution of the tablet, affects tablet characteristics and causes tableting problems. For instance, tablet failure, in particular capping, is more likely to be associated with an intensive shear band formed during the decompression stage.1,2) Therefore, controlling the residual stress distribution of tablets is crucial in pharmaceutical design.However, it is difficult to measure the residual stress distribution of tablets using analytical instruments. For this reason, the finite element method (FEM), in which the powder is modeled using the Drucker-Prager cap (DPC) model, is used to estimate the residual stress distribution of tablets.3,4) The FEM is a numerical analytical method that is well established for the modeling of the deformation of powders in various industries, such as compaction in ceramic industries, and for the analysis of pharmaceutical-powder compaction. 5,6) In the FEM, powders are modeled as continuum media and the compaction behavior is analyzed by solving boundary value problems.The DPC model is one of the continu...

show abstract

Analysis of tablet compaction. I. Characterization of mechanical behavior of powder and powder/tooling friction

Cited by 163 publications

References 22 publications

Modeling and Characterization of Reed Canary Grass Pellet Formation Phenomenon

Modeling and Characterization of Reed Canary Grass Pellet Formation Phenomenon

Numerical Investigation of the Residual Stress Distribution of Flat-Faced and Convexly Curved Tablets Using the Finite Element Method

Effect of Process Variables on the Drucker–Prager Cap Model and Residual Stress Distribution of Tablets Estimated by the Finite Element Method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About