Analysis of synthetic profile of CZTS as photovoltaic material obtained with variations of titanium and TiN

Mathematical Models to Determine the Conductivity of a Cztis Photovoltaic Material as a Function of the Synthesis Temperature

“…Likewise, the intensity of the main peak confirms the formation of a crystalline solid, without the considerable presence of secondary phases (since no signals of this type were reported), therefore, it confirms that the synthesis method and thermal treatment carried out are optimal, allowing to obtain a solid without the presence of secondary phases, with which, it is possible to use this material for photovoltaic applications. (11,12) The analyzes carried out with SEM showed homogeneous particles with sizes of the nanometer order (5-6nm) as observed in Figure 3, which is consistent with that reported by Shaalan, 2020., likewise agglomerations are observed in both materials. In the case of the solid at 225ºC, treated for 48 h, this presented cracks on the surface, which would not allow the current to pass constantly, nor would it facilitate the formation of a homogeneous layer; in comparison with the solid synthesized at 275ºC, where uniform grains are observed, without cracks on the surface.…”

“…The diffractograms of the materials synthesized at temperatures of 200 and 300 ºC are shown in Figure 1., where it can be seen that the main signal is attributed to the plane (112), likewise, planes (004) (211) and (202) were found, which are characteristic of the kesterite type material, confirming the formation of a tetragonal crystalline structure with a space group I-42m, which is consistent with the pdf-card JCPDS 00-026-0575, (8)(9)(10)(11)(12); ECS Transactions, 100 (1) 37-44 (2021) simultaneously, it was observed that the higher the synthesis temperature, the material presented better crystallinity, which would possibly decrease the presence of secondary phases. In order to verify if the solids obtained present impurities, a verification of them was carried out by means of Raman spectroscopy.…”

“…In order to verify if the solids obtained present impurities, a verification of them was carried out by means of Raman spectroscopy. Where a symmetric vibration of type A1 was found at between 430 to 440 cm -1 , which is characteristic of kesterite, confirming the formation of the main phase (10,11), (13)(14)(15).…”