Analysis of Surface State after Turning of High Tempered Bearing Steel

Čilliková, Mária; Mičietová, Anna; Čep, Róbert; Jacková, Martina; Minárik, Peter; Neslušan, Miroslav; Kouřil, Karel

doi:10.3390/ma15051718

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The increasing thickness of WL produced by the insert of higher VB is due to the increasing energy transformed into the heat, the considered higher temperatures in the tool–workpiece interface, and the longer time period when the turned surface is exposed to the elevated temperatures [ 13 , 28 , 30 ]. However, Table 3 and Table 4 clearly indicate that the evolution of WL thickness versus VB is not straightforward, but WL drops can be found beyond VB = 0.4 mm, followed by the steep increase as a result of the altered cutting edge geometry (cutting edge roundness and rake angle) as it was reported earlier [ 28 , 29 ]. The increase in WL thickness versus cutting speed is not fully systematic.…”

Section: Results Of Experiments and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…On the other hand, the evolution of HAZ (see Table 4 ) is more systematic (mostly descending tendency). The main reason can be viewed in the fact that HAZ is a product of thermal softening only, whereas WL is a product of synergistic effects of very high local stresses, phase transformation, and superimposing the thermal cycle [ 22 , 29 ].…”

Section: Results Of Experiments and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WL is referred to as a re-hardened matrix of hardness exceeding the hardness produced by heat treatment, whereas the hardness of the thermally softened HAZ is below the bulk [ 1 , 4 , 29 ]. Table 5 clearly confirms this information.…”

Section: Results Of Experiments and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors compared the hard-turned and ground surfaces with carbides stability, WL thickness, microhardness, etc. The contribution of VB and cutting speed was also investigated on the quenched parts through the experimental decomposition of cutting forces [ 28 ], as well as the time duration of the thermal cycle [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Residual Stresses and Austenite Gradients in the Surface after Hard Turning as a Function of Flank Wear and Cutting Speed

et al. 2023

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This paper investigates the influence of cutting speed and flank wear on the depth profile of residual stresses, as well as the fraction of retained austenite after hard turning of quenched bearing steel 100Cr6. Residual stress and retained austenite profiles were studied for the white layer, heat-affected zone thickness, and XRD sensing depth. It was found that the influence of flank wear on the white layer and heat-affected zone thickness predominates. On the other hand, residual stresses are affected the cutting speed and the superimposing contribution of flank wear. Moreover, these aspects also alter microhardness in the affected regions. The study also demonstrates that information concerning residual stresses and the austenite fraction is integrated into the white layer, and the heat-affected zone in the surface is produced by the insert of low flank wear since the XRD sensing depth is more than the thickness of the white layer. On the other hand, the pure contribution of the white layer or the heat-affected zone to residual stress and the austenite fraction can be investigated when the affected surface region is thick enough.

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Section: Results Of Experiments and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Results Of Experiments and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results Of Experiments and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Study of Residual Stresses and Austenite Gradients in the Surface after Hard Turning as a Function of Flank Wear and Cutting Speed

et al. 2023

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“…This very thin white layer can be attributed to the use of a new cutting tool for each machining test. Indeed, tool wear noticeably affects the white and dark layer thicknesses; a worn tool would generate a deep white layer [ 30 , 31 ]. This very thin white layer can also be beneficial for rolling contact fatigue performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Surface Integrity Induced by Various Finishing Processes of AISI 52100 Bearing Rings

2022

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Surface integrity induced by finishing processes significantly affects the functional performance of machined components. In this work, three kinds of finishing processes, i.e., precision hard turning, conventional grinding, and sequential grinding and honing, were used for the finish machining of AISI 52100 bearing steel rings. The surface integrity induced by these finishing processes was studied via SEM investigations and residual stress measurements. To investigate rolling contact fatigue performance, contact fatigue tests were performed on a twin-disc testing machine. As the main results, the SEM observations show that precision hard turning and grinding introduce microstructural alterations. Indeed, in precision hard turning, a fine white layer (<1 μm) is observed on the top surface, followed by a thermally affected zone in the subsurface, and in grinding only, a white layer with 5 μm thickness is observed. However, no microstructural changes are found after sequential grinding and honing processes. White layers induced by precision hard turning and grinding possess compressive residual stresses. Grinding and sequential grinding and honing processes generate similar residual stress distributions, which are maximum and compressive at the machined surface and tensile at the subsurface depth of 15 μm. Precision hard turning generates a “hook”-shaped residual stress profile with maximum compressive value at the subsurface depth and thus contributes as a prenominal factor to the obtainment of the longest fatigue life with respect to other finishing processes. Due to the high quality of surface roughness (Ra = 0.05 μm), honing post grinding improves the fatigue life of bearing rings by 2.6 times in comparison with grinding. Subsurface compressive residual stresses, as well as low surface roughness, are key parameters for extending bearing fatigue life.

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An Investigation of Residual Stresses after the Turning of High-Tempered Bearing Steel

Mičietová,

Čilliková,

Čep

et al. 2024

Machines

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This study is focused on analysing residual stresses (RSs) after turning high-tempered bearing steel through the use of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Phase transformations expressed in terms of the near-surface white layer (WL) and the corresponding microhardness profiles are correlated with the RSs as well as the depth of the RS profiles. Normal and shear components of RS and FWHM (full width at half maximum) of the diffraction peaks are analysed as a function of cutting insert flank wear as well as the cutting speed. It was found that the influence of tool wear prevails over cutting speed, RSs tend to shift into the compressive region with increasing tool flank wear, and the valuable shear components of RSs can be found in the near-surface region when the cutting inserts of lower flank wear are employed. The increasing flank wear also increases the depth in which the compressive RSs can be found. Furthermore, surface RSs are affected by the phase transformation process (formation of re-hardened WL) as well as the superimposing mechanical and thermal load.

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Analysis of Surface State after Turning of High Tempered Bearing Steel

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Study of Residual Stresses and Austenite Gradients in the Surface after Hard Turning as a Function of Flank Wear and Cutting Speed

Study of Residual Stresses and Austenite Gradients in the Surface after Hard Turning as a Function of Flank Wear and Cutting Speed

Investigation of Surface Integrity Induced by Various Finishing Processes of AISI 52100 Bearing Rings

An Investigation of Residual Stresses after the Turning of High-Tempered Bearing Steel

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