Analysis of Subcycle Electro-Optic Sampling Without Background

Beckh, Cornelius; Sulzer, Philipp; Fritzsche, Niklas; Riek, Claudius; Leitenstorfer, Alfred

doi:10.1007/s10762-021-00789-4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As the complete interference between the sum and difference frequencies is only possible at the center of the gate spectrum, the suppression of the background relies on polarization filtering of the gate pulses (figure 7(b)). Employing this technique allows for the complete retrieval of the sample pulse with high detection sensitivity, but with sign ambiguity [121]. The region with spectral overlap between the newly generated frequencies and the gate pulse are spectrally isolated.…”

Section: Field Sampling Based On Short Optical Gate Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in petahertz electric field sampling

Andreas

Scheffter

Bidhendi

et al. 2022

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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The ability to resolve the complete electric field of laser pulses from terahertz to mid-infrared spectral ranges has enriched time-domain spectroscopy for decades. Field-resolved measurements in this range have been performed routinely in ambient air by various techniques like electro-optic sampling, photoconductive switching, field-induced second harmonic generation, and time stretch photonics. On the contrary, resolving the electric field of light at the near-infrared spectral range has been limited to attosecond streaking and other techniques that require operation in vacuum. Recent advances are circumventing these shortcomings and extending the direct, ambient air field detection of light to petahertz frequencies. In the first part of this letter, recent field-resolved techniques are reviewed. In the second part, different approaches for temporal scanning are discussed, as the temporal resolution of the time-domain methods is prone to temporal jitter. The review concludes by discussing technological obstacles and emerging applications of such advancements.

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Section: Field Sampling Based On Short Optical Gate Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in petahertz electric field sampling

Andreas

Scheffter

Bidhendi

et al. 2022

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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“…This can be achieved, e.g., through insertion of high-and low-pass filters before the photodetectors, as in the experiments performed in Refs. [50,51] (see Appendix F for more details). The (filtered) ν-polarization-photon number operator, N ω;ν ¼ R ωþΔω=2 ω−Δω=2 dω â0 † ω;ν â0 ω;ν , can be shown to be proportional to û½1 ω to leading order in the probe amplitude α.…”

Section: B First-order Unitary Evolution In a Nonlinear Crystalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing a rapidly switched Unruh-DeWitt detector through electro-optic sampling of the electromagnetic vacuum

et al. 2022

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A new theoretical framework to describe the experimental advances in electro-optic detection of broadband quantum states, specifically the quantum vacuum, is devised. Electro-optic sampling is a technique in ultrafast photonics which, when transferred into the quantum domain, can be utilized to resolve properties of a sampled quantum state via its interaction with a strong coherent probe pulse at ultrafast timescales. By making use of fundamental concepts from quantum field theory on spacetime metrics, the nonlinear interaction behind the electro-optic effect is shown to be equivalent to a stationary Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to a conjugate field during a very short time interval. When the coupling lasts for a time interval comparable to the oscillation periods of the detected field mode (i.e., the subcycle regime), virtual particles inhabiting the field vacuum are transferred to the detector in the form of real excitation. We demonstrate that this behavior can be rigorously translated to the scenario of electro-optic sampling of the quantum vacuum, in which the (spectrally filtered) probe works as an Unruh-DeWitt detector, with its interaction-generated photons arising from virtual particles inhabiting the electromagnetic vacuum. Our analysis accurately encapsulates the quantum nature of the vacuum, and we propose the specific working regime in which we can experimentally verify the existence of virtual photons with quantum correlations in the electromagnetic ground state.

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“…To the right, the spectral phase of 3-mm-thick fused silica was added to the Fouriertransform limited pulse. For all gate pulses, the spectral intensity of the sum -and difference frequency components shows a periodic modulation with twice the frequency of the detected field, which allows for a determination of the square of the field amplitude [122]. This is caused by interference of the two contributions, that are generated with equal strength in the thin crystal, with their relative phase varying with the gate pulse delay.…”

Section: Wavelength-dependent Eos Signal For Thick Detection Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%