“…Learning motivation is closely related to achievement and learning outcomes (Hidayati et al, 2022;Palittin et al, 2019;Rahman, 2022;Sari & Paidi, 2023;Sirait, 2023;Tokan & Imakulata, 2019). Various ways have been done by educators to increase students' motivation to learn science, such as learning modifications and innovations, gamification (Rincón Flores et al, 2016), augmented reality based learning (Lai et al, 2018), interactive e-books (Sung et al, 2018), and many more.…”