Analysis of strategies for serial-search spread-spectrum code acquisition-direct approach

Jovanovic, Vladan

doi:10.1109/26.8927

Cited by 77 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Substitution of (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) into this equation yields Thus, the generating function of the output sequence generated by a linear feedback shift register with characteristic polynomial f (x) may be expressed in the form G(x) = φ(x)/f (x), where the degree of φ(x) is less than the degree of f (x). The output sequence is said to be generated by f (x).…”

Section: Polynomials Over the Binary Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since var(V 1 ) → ∞ as G → ∞, the central limit theorem [6] implies that when G is large, the conditional distribution of V 1 is approximately Gaussian. Thus, V is nearly Gaussian with mean given by (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) and var(V ) = var(V 1 ) + var(V 2 ). Because of the symmetry of the model, the conditional symbol error probability may be calculated by assuming d 0 = 1 and evaluating the probability that V < 0.…”

Section: General Tone Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under these conditions, V 1 is a constant, and V has a Gaussian distribution. Equations (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) and (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) imply that the conditional expected value of V is…”

Section: Tone Interference At Carrier Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conditional variance of V is equal to the variance of V 2 , which is given by (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Tone Interference At Carrier Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…otherwise (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) Let k 1 denote the number of chips in [0, T s ] for which p i = +1; the number for which -19), (1)(2)(3), and (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) yield…”

Section: Tone Interference At Carrier Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct-Sequence Communication Systems

Torrieri¹

2004

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) March 2004 REPORT TYPE ARL-TR-3175 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)U.S. Army Research Laboratory 2800 Powder Mill Road Adelphi, MD 20783-1197 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThis report presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art of direct-sequence communication systems. Although it is largely self-contained mathematically, the report presumes a thorough understanding of modern digital communications. To limit the report to approximately 200 pages, only the most vital aspects of the theory are emphasized, but the cited references provide many details and minor topics. SUBJECT TERMS PrefaceThis report presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art of direct-sequence communication systems. Although it is largely self-contained mathematically, the report presumes a thorough understanding of modern digital communications. To limit the report to approximately 200 pages, only the most vital aspects of the theory are emphasized, but the cited references provide many details and minor topics. Sections 1 and 2 cover the basic definitions and concepts and the fundamental properties of spreading sequences. Sections 3 and 4 derive the symbol error probabilities of coherent systems in the presence of tone or Gaussian interference. Methods of suppressing pulsed interference are analyzed in Section 5. In Section 6, the role of matched filters in direct-sequence systems is examined. Code synchronization, which is the most significant issue in the design of direct-sequence systems, is analyzed in Section 7. Several supplementary methods of rejecting narrowband interference are presented in Section 8. The detection of the existence of a direct-sequence signal by both an ideal receiver and the more practical wideband radiometer are analyzed in Section 9. Section 10 explains and develops the theory of direct-sequence code-division multi...

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Section: Polynomials Over the Binary Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Tone Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tone Interference At Carrier Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conditional variance of V is equal to the variance of V 2 , which is given by (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Tone Interference At Carrier Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tone Interference At Carrier Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct-Sequence Communication Systems

Torrieri¹

2004

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Analysis of the self‐framing performance of mBnB line codes

Fair

Krzymien

1993

Int. j. digit. analog commun. syst.

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This paper introduces a method to analyse the self-framing properties of mBnB line codes. Consideration of correlation in the received bit stream yields a three step analysis technique: (1) evaluation of the probability that any n-bit sequence in the received bit stream simulates a codeword, (2) development of a mathematical description of the desired lock entry and lock exit algorithms, and (3) the derivation and evaluation of equations which give framing performance for the frame search strategy of interest. Following discussion of the analysis technique, the framing performance of a 7B8B code is investigated. The results of the analysis are compared with those obtained by simulation to confirm the validity of the analysis technique.

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Performance evaluation of serial‐search strategies for the acquisition of DS/CDMA signals

Jibrail

Meer

Liyanapathirana

2003

Int J Communication

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SUMMARYSearch strategies for initial synchronization of direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum communication systems are compared, modelled and implemented using MATLAB then tested in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and narrowband interference. The performance of these search strategies, namely, offset-z-search strategies and expanding alternate search strategies, in terms of the mean value of the search length is evaluated for different probabilities of detection. A truncated Gaussian probability phase distribution is assumed (as a priori information about the correct phase) and the performance of these search strategies is tested for different standard deviations ðsÞ of the phase.A novel search strategy, namely the offset-z3, based on the offset z-search strategy is introduced. Among all search strategies investigated the non-uniform expanding alternate (NUEA) search strategy is found to perform best at high probability of detection. However, for a more peaked phase distribution, the offset-z3-search strategy is shown to offer better performance at low probability of detection. Outcomes of the simulated system support trends predicted by theory for the performance of different search strategies.

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Analysis of strategies for serial-search spread-spectrum code acquisition-direct approach

Cited by 77 publications

References 30 publications

Direct-Sequence Communication Systems

Direct-Sequence Communication Systems

Analysis of the self‐framing performance of mBnB line codes

Performance evaluation of serial‐search strategies for the acquisition of DS/CDMA signals

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