Analysis of Spray Characteristics and High Ambient Pressure in Gasoline Direct Injection using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Jumadi, Rozita; Khalid, Amir; Jaat, Norrizam; Abdullah, Iqbal Shahridzuan; Darlis, Nofrizalidris; Manshoor, Bukhari; Razali, Mohd Azahari; Sapit, Azwan; Nursal, Ridwan Saputra

doi:10.37934/cfdl.12.5.3651

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…This result indicated that the droplets velocity / kinetic energy depends on the thermal energy of the environment. A comparative numerical observation from Jumadi et al, [17] demonstrated the velocity of the gasoline droplets reduced accordingly with environment pressure primarily due to drag that restrict the droplet from travelling in much faster rate and distances. For analysing the effect of environment temperature, the mass of the fluids used in the simulation should be considered an important parameter affecting the fluid flow behaviours.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Simulation Using ANSYS FLUENT of Jet Nozzle of Ethanol at Temperature of 360 K

Ismail

Maarof

Laham

et al. 2022

ARFMTS

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Spray coating technology is an advanced manufacturing process to break the liquid down into small droplets and disperse these droplets uniformly on the target substrate. The nozzle used in this fabrication process rapidly disintegrates the liquid jet at a direction of motion governed mainly by the prevailing airflow pattern in the spray region environment. According to Navier–Stokes energy equation, the fluid and environmental temperature capable of supplying additional energy to the droplet imparted the ejected liquid jet from the nozzles. With a view to understanding the liquid droplet behaviour at elevated temperatures, this study investigates the jet velocity, pressure, and temperature of ethanol at its evaporation temperature of 360 K using commercial CFD software (ANSYS FLUENT 2020). A numerical simulation of a simple nozzle system with a cone angle of 56° and an outlet radius of 0.1966 mm was modelled at 1 bar inlet pressure to study the effect of the environment temperature on the liquid jet. The result from the temperature profile showed that the liquid jet exhibited turbulence or a swirling effect at elevated temperature as the liquid absorbed thermal energy. The liquid jet temperature increased to the maximum temperature of +3K at a liquid jet distance of 10 cm when compared with normal environment temperature. This numerical study showed that environmental conditions such as temperature can impact the liquid jet quality and properties, which are difficult to observe during experimental work. It is expected that the finding from this work would benefit the industries, leading to better spray nozzle design for future coating applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Simulation Using ANSYS FLUENT of Jet Nozzle of Ethanol at Temperature of 360 K

Ismail

Maarof

Laham

et al. 2022

ARFMTS

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“…After preparing the selected pattern of the Mashrabiya window and Malay carving window, domain discretization, i.e., meshing and physics definition is done for the system. The solver computes the results which can be visualized using post-processing (Jaat, N. et, al. 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effect of Mashrabiya and Perforated Malay Carving Window on the Indoor Natural Ventilation Performance of Living Space

Baydoun,

Sapian

2022

JAPCM

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This study focuses on natural cross-ventilation improvements in terms of internal air velocity, measured in meter per second in the living room space in Malaysia, using two types of perforated windows namely, Mashrabiya window as well as perforated Malay carving window element to determine the performance of their internal air velocity. Cross ventilation has been proposed as one of the most effective natural ventilation methods for thermal comfort by several studies. It is, however, one of the most misunderstood aspects of passive design's approach to regulating interior temperature. In this study, the proposed design solution is by introducing the Mashrabiya (W1) and perforated Malay carving window (W2) as two predominant indigenous solutions for traditional houses that can be further developed and utilized in modern houses. The research involves three stages. The first stage includes the inventory exercise on five (5) different reference case studies of perforated windows. This is to ascertain the most fundamental and common pattern, as well as the dimensions of each W1 and W2. The second step involves computer simulations utilising Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software known as Ansys fluent R2 2021. This program is used to simulate and evaluate natural air velocity and its performance in an interior context, and to determine the viability of a recommended design solution. Finally, an empirical method is used to predict the internal air velocity. The result shows that W1 and W2 represent effective passive design strategies for energy saving. The air velocity using W1 is three times higher than the normal speed which is 4.5/1.5 m/s, while using W2 makes the air velocity two times higher than the actual air speed which is 3/1.5 m/s. The simulation test and results are discussed based on the Malaysian region with a 1.5m/s wind speed. Understanding the different effects of the size of the voids and the placement of the patterns are significant to improve the indoor natural ventilation performance in a living room space.

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“…They determined the liquid-volume fraction reduced with increasing velocity. Jumadi et al, [21] computationally studied the spray characteristics of petrol injected at various pressures to determine the most efficient air-fuel ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Validating the Spray Characteristics of a Co-axial Twin-Fluid Atomizer Using OpenFOAM

Sathishkumar

Rao

Pradeep

et al. 2022

ARFMTS

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Today, the applications of sprays cover a wide range of fields. Their role in internal combustion engines is instrumental in maintaining higher engine efficiency. A deeper understanding of the liquid-gas phase interaction in sprays is crucial to the atomization process. The methods and models used in the simulations have their challenges due to the various discretization schemes and solutions used. To develop and validate the computational models, well defined experimental data is required. In the present work, spray characteristics were studied numerically through OpenFOAM. As the spray characteristics are closely linked with the liquid breakup length, this study focuses on the primary breakup phenomena and the breakup length of the liquid jet emanating from the twin-fluid co-axial flow atomizer. Numerical simulations were performed for a wide range of initial conditions and the breakup length of the spray was validated against the experimental observed by Sivadas et al., [26]. These simulations were carried out using a Eulerian based VOF solver that models the fluid as a continuum. K-Epsilon model was used to predict the turbulent nature of the spray. The air and water velocities were varied between 19.0 to 31.3 m/s and 0.7 to 1.8 m/s respectively. The proposed model was able to predict the computed breakup length within 20% of the experimental values. The present model can be further extended to test for a co-axial swirl injector to predict finer spray formation.

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Analysis of Spray Characteristics and High Ambient Pressure in Gasoline Direct Injection using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

CFD Simulation Using ANSYS FLUENT of Jet Nozzle of Ethanol at Temperature of 360 K

CFD Simulation Using ANSYS FLUENT of Jet Nozzle of Ethanol at Temperature of 360 K

Evaluating the Effect of Mashrabiya and Perforated Malay Carving Window on the Indoor Natural Ventilation Performance of Living Space

Modelling and Validating the Spray Characteristics of a Co-axial Twin-Fluid Atomizer Using OpenFOAM

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