Analysis of Spatial Variability of River Bottom Sediment Pollution with Heavy Metals and Assessment of Potential Ecological Hazard for the Warta River, Poland

Jaskuła, Joanna; Sojka, Mariusz; Fiedler, M.; Wróżyński, Rafał

doi:10.3390/min11030327

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 26 (SPSS Inc., USA) software. The normal distribution of data was checked using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test (Sangsefidi et al 2017 ; Mehraein et al, 2020 ; Jaskuła et al, 2021 ). The validity of PCA results was examined by using Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value (0.521) and Bartlett sphericity tests ( p < 0.001) and the principal components were extracted by varimax rotation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and urban rivers: Effects of lockdown period on surface water pollution and quality- A case study of the Zarjoub River, north of Iran

Haghnazar

Cunningham

Kumar³

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Due to the spreading of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in Iran, restrictions and lockdown were announced to control the infection. In order to determine the effects of the lockdown period on the status of the water quality and pollution, the concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, together with Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and electrical conductivity (EC), were measured in the Zarjoub River, north of Iran, in both pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods. The results indicated that water pollution and associated human health risk reduced by an average of 30% and 39%, respectively, during the lockdown period. In addition, the multi-purpose water quality index also improved by an average of 34%. However, the water salinity and alkalinity increased during the lockdown period due to the increase of municipal wastewater and the use of disinfectants. The major sources of pollution were identified as weathering, municipal wastewater, industrial and agricultural effluents, solid waste, and vehicular pollution. PCA-MLR receptor model showed that the contribution of mixed sources of weathering and municipal wastewater in water pollution increased from 23 to 50% during the lockdown period. However, the contribution of mixed sources of industrial effluents and solid wastes reduced from 64 to 45%. Likewise, the contribution of traffic-related sources exhibited a reduction from 13% in the pre-lockdown period to 5% together with agricultural effluent in the post-lockdown period. Overall, although the lockdown period resulted in positive impacts on diminishing the level of water pollution caused by industrial and vehicular contaminants, the increase of municipal waste and wastewater is a negative consequence of the lockdown period. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-18286-5.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and urban rivers: Effects of lockdown period on surface water pollution and quality- A case study of the Zarjoub River, north of Iran

Haghnazar

Cunningham

Kumar³

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The anthropogenic contamination forecast for the tested element improves by applying normalization against the tested element background value in the enrichment factor [72]. The aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and titanium (Ti) are the common elements used as normalized elements in the enrichment factor calculation [28,73,74]. In the present study, Al was considered as a normalization element since the mobility of Al was very small [67].…”

Section: Enrichment Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Pollution Indices and Multivariate Modeling Approaches for Assessing the Potentially Harmful Elements in Bottom Sediments of Qaroun Lake, Egypt

Saleh

Gad

Khalifa

et al. 2021

JMSE

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This research intends to offer a scientific foundation for environmental monitoring and early warning which will aid in the environmental protection management of Qaroun Lake. Qaroun Lake is increasingly influenced by untreated wastewater discharge from many anthropogenic activities, making it vulnerable to pollution. For that, six environmental pollution indices, namely contamination factor (Cf), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), degree of contamination (Dc), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI), were utilized to assess the bottom sediment and to determine the different geo-environmental variables affecting the lake system. Cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to explore the potential pollution sources of heavy metal. Moreover, the efficiency of partial least-square regression (PLSR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were tested to assess the Dc, PLI, and RI depending on the selected elements. The sediment samples were carefully collected from 16 locations of Qaroun Lake in two investigated years in 2018 and 2019. Total concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hf, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn, and Zr were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectra (ICP-MS). According to the Cf, EF, and Igeo results, As, Cd, Ga, Hf, P, Sb, Se, and Zr demonstrated significant enrichment in sediment and were derived from anthropogenic sources. According to Dc results, all collected samples were categorized under a very high degree of contamination. Further, the results of RI showed that the lake is at very high ecological risk. Meanwhile, the PLI data indicated 59% of lake was polluted and 41% had PLI < 1. The PLSR and MLR models based on studied elements presented the highest efficiency as alternative approaches to assess the Dc, PLI, and RI of sediments. For examples, the validation (Val.) models presented the best performance of these indices, with R2val = 0.948–0.989 and with model accuracy ACCv = 0.984–0.999 for PLSR, and with R2val = 0.760–0.979 and with ACCv = 0.867–0.984 for MLR. Both models for Dc, PLI, and RI showed that there was no clear overfitting or underfitting between measuring, calibrating, and validating datasets. Finally, the combinations of Cf, EF, Igeo, PLI, Dc, RI, CA, PCA, PLSR, and MLR approaches represent valuable and applicable methods for assessing the risk of potentially harmful elemental contamination in the sediment of Qaroun Lake.

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“…The researches on the quality of riverine bottom sediments in lowland areas of Poland conducted in recent years has focused mainly on the analysis of concentrations and hazards caused by heavy metals [32][33][34], while the risks of nutrients or organic matter have not been analysed in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future analyses will require consideration of the temporal variability of pollutant concentrations. Numerous studies indicate that sediment parameters vary not only over annual periods but also over multi-year periods [32]. This is due to the influence of river processes on sediment composition, in addition to the inflow of substances from adjacent areas, due to different water flow rates and the resulting migration of pollutants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Land Use on Concentrations of Nutrients and Selected Metals in Bottom Sediments and the Risk Assessment for Rivers of the Warta River Catchment, Poland

Fiedler

2021

Land

Self Cite

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Changes in the environment, aiming at agricultural intensification, progressive urbanisation and other forms of anthropopression, may cause an increase in soil erosion and a resulting increase in the pollution inflow to surface water. At the same time, this results in increased nutrient pollution of bottom sediments. In this study, the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and potassium (K) were analysed using bottom sediment samples collected at 39 sites located along the entire length of the Warta River and its tributaries. Agricultural use of land adjacent to rivers was found to significantly degrade sediment quality, while anthropogenic land use (as defined by Corine Land Cover classification—CLC), unlike previous studies, reduces the pollution loads in the bottom sediments. Forest use also contributes to the reduction of the pollution load in sediments. It was found that the significance of the relationship between pollutant concentrations and land use depends on the length of the river–land interface. According to the analyses, the level of correlation between the analysed constituents depends on the use of land adjacent to rivers. The impact of agricultural land use has the strongest effect in the 1 km zone and 5 km in the case of anthropogenic land use. The results showed that the variability of total phosphorus TP concentrations is strongly correlated with the variability of iron concentrations. SPI values indicate that the risk to sediment quality is low due to TOC and Fe concentrations. In contrast, the risk of sediment pollution by TN and TP shows greater differentiation. Although the risk is negligible for 40% of the samples, at the same time, for 33% of the samples, a very high risk of pollution with both TN and TP was found.

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Analysis of Spatial Variability of River Bottom Sediment Pollution with Heavy Metals and Assessment of Potential Ecological Hazard for the Warta River, Poland

Cited by 46 publications

References 51 publications

COVID-19 and urban rivers: Effects of lockdown period on surface water pollution and quality- A case study of the Zarjoub River, north of Iran

COVID-19 and urban rivers: Effects of lockdown period on surface water pollution and quality- A case study of the Zarjoub River, north of Iran

Environmental Pollution Indices and Multivariate Modeling Approaches for Assessing the Potentially Harmful Elements in Bottom Sediments of Qaroun Lake, Egypt

The Effects of Land Use on Concentrations of Nutrients and Selected Metals in Bottom Sediments and the Risk Assessment for Rivers of the Warta River Catchment, Poland

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