Analysis of solid oxide fuel cell system concepts with anode recycling

Peters, Roland; Deja, Robert; Blum, Ludger; Pennanen, Jari; Kiviaho, Jari; Hakala, Tuomas

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.03.110

Cited by 96 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Synthesis gas at the outlet of the gasifier (see Fig. 1) is cooled down in the heat exchanger (5), is purified in the scrubber (6), is heated in the heater (8), and is fed into the anode channel of the electrochemical generator. Thermal power of the gases effluent from the ECG is used in the boiler-utilizer (10) to produce steam and to heat air.…”

Section: Schematic Of Gasifier and Ecg-based Heat And Power Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid Wastes Conversion Into Electric and Thermal Energy Using a Gasifier and an Electrochemical Generator

Щеклеин¹,

Dubinin²

2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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In Russia, 3.4 billion tons of municipal solid wastes (SW) are accumulated annually. Over 40 thousand hectares of fertile lands have been used for solid waste disposal; and the areas to be disposed each year for the SW landfills amount to as much as three thousand hectares. This work presents calculation results are reported from the study of a power plant based on the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which utilizes as fuel the synthesis gas generated through the SW steam gasification in an autothermal gasifier. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the most convenient for such a combined system, as due to high operating temperatures they do not require high fuel quality. The calculations have demonstrated the following: the temperature in the reaction vessel of the gasifier is at 1,000°С, the synthesis gas output is 55 m 3 /h, the chemical efficiency is 35.4%, and the synthesis gas combustion heat is 1.6352 kJ/kg of synthesis gas. The electric power electrochemical generator is 97.86 kW, the (total) electric efficiency of electrochemical generator is 39.1%, the temperature of gases effluent from the boiler-utilizer is at 630°С. Theorized the possibility of solid waste into electrical and thermal energy with full efficiency more than 79%.

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Section: Schematic Of Gasifier and Ecg-based Heat And Power Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study [6], offers over 220 versions of calculated SOFCs according to two arrangements: one involving anode gases recirculation and the other without it. A conclusion is made that so much the simpler the arrangement, so much the better.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Wastes Conversion Into Electric and Thermal Energy Using a Gasifier and an Electrochemical Generator

Щеклеин¹,

Dubinin²

2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…They also reported that temperature of the bottom of a stack, i.e., fuel inlet, increases with increasing fuel consumption due to the effects of fuel cooling. Peters et al [15] discussed different configurations of SOFC system combinations, in terms of power generation scale, cell type, fuel utilization, fuel type, anode recirculation ratio and driving force. Their results indicate that AGR systems have up to a 16% higher electrical efficiency compared to one-path systems depending on the operation parameters.…”

Section: Developm Ent Of Anode Gas Recycle System Using Ejector For 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Anode Gas Recycle System Using Ejector for 1 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Baba

Kobayashi

Takahashi

et al. 2014

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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An anode gas recycle (AGR) system using an ejector fo r 1 kW solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was developed to increase the electrical efficiency o f combined power genera tion. We call this an AGR-SOFC. The effects o f recirculation ratio, externally steam feed rate, and fuel utilization were determined experimentally on the AGR-SOFC perform ance (i.e., output power, stack temperature, and gas composition) using a variable flow ejector and a recirculation ratio o f 0. 55-0.62, overall fuel utilization o f 0.720-84, and steam feed rate o f 0-1.5 glmin. A quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to identify the recirculation ratio, the gas composition o f reformed gas at the AGR-SOFC inlet, and that o f the recycle gas at the outlet. Compared to one-path SOFC systems, i.e., without an AGR, the AGR-SOFC was stable and generated about 15 W more electricity when the overall fuel utilization was 0.84 and the recirculation ratio was 0.622 with no steam sup ply. This improved performance was due to the reduced H20 concentration in the anodic gas. In addition, although the recirculation ratio did not affect the AGR-SOFC perform ance, a high recirculation ratio can provide steam produced via the electrochemical reaction to the injected fuel fo r the steam reforming process.In tro d u ctio n SOFCs applied to stationary power generation systems have two major advantages: (i) Highest efficiency among all fuel cells, (ii) lower cost by using nonplatinum catalysts. Furthermore, micro combined heat and power (mCHP) systems based on SOFCs are being actively researched to obtain an even higher efficiency by utilizing the high temperature exhaust gas (>700 °C) from the SOFC itself. Unlike gas turbine engines, Stirling engines are external combustion engines that can be combined with SOFCs at normal pressures with practical efficiencies of roughly 20% for small scale power generation about 1 kW class. In addition, oper ating temperature of a Stirling engine is near the exhaust tempera ture of an SOFC. Takahashi et al.[1] investigated the performance of a combined SOFC-Stirling engine system fueled with methane by means of thermodynamic system modeling. The results showed a 10% higher efficiency for the combined system at low excess air ratio (<2.0), compared with SOFC systems alone. They also stated the need to develop a steam reforming sys tem with an anode gas recirculation to improve the electrical effi ciency of combined power generation.Steam is required to convert hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This method is called steam reforming process.Hydrogen and carbon monoxide are produced from methane under high temperature conditions via steam reforming reaction and water-gas shift reaction to prevent carbon deposition on the anode. Assuming that the inflow rate of the steam is 2.5 times higher than that of the fed methane fuel, 175kJ/mol of methane must be provided to convert water at 25 °C to steam at 800 °C. In other words, about 20% of the enthalpy of the methane combus tion (890kJ/mol) is consumed in the produc...

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“…Performance for an SOFC power system without the steam reforming and the anode off-gas recycling might be 16% less than that of a system with anode gas recycling. Moreover, the electrical and thermal efficiencies were mainly influenced by fuel utilization and anode off-gas recirculation ratios [2]. Halinen et al [3] performed the endurance testing for a 5 kW SOFC system fueled with the natural gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Validation Tests for an SOFC Power System at INER

Lo¹,

Hong²,

Tan³

et al. 2017

JCCE

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This research presents the results of system validation tests for an SOFC power system. In the study, the system was heated up without electric device, i.e., the fuel providing the required thermal energy through an integrated BOP (balance of plant). The ex-situ experiments, without an SOFC stack installed in the system, were first conducted to investigate the operability of a BOP apparatus. It was found that the BOP possessed high conversion rates for both steam reforming and water gas shift reactions. The total fuel concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the reformer was around 91.2%. The system validation tests showed that, with the natural gas as fuel, the output power from the stack reached to 1,060 W, while the fuel utilization efficiency and electrical efficiency were 67.16% and 45.0%, respectively. A steady 600-hour system operation test was carried out at an average system temperature of 694 o C. Of which, a 36-cell stack was employed for the test. Meanwhile, the current, voltage and output power were 26 A, 32.3 V and 840 W, respectively, and its electrical efficiency was around 33.4%.

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Analysis of solid oxide fuel cell system concepts with anode recycling

Cited by 96 publications

References 13 publications

Solid Wastes Conversion Into Electric and Thermal Energy Using a Gasifier and an Electrochemical Generator

Solid Wastes Conversion Into Electric and Thermal Energy Using a Gasifier and an Electrochemical Generator

Development of Anode Gas Recycle System Using Ejector for 1 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

System Validation Tests for an SOFC Power System at INER

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