Analysis of Smart Grid Optimal Scheduling considering the Demand Response of Different EV Owners

Abstract

The escalating growth of electric vehicle (EV) load has emphasized the growing importance of effective scheduling strategies. Due to the discrepancies among EV owners, their responses to scheduling can differ significantly. Therefore, to achieve better scheduling results, it is crucial to consider the impact of these discrepancies on the optimal scheduling. This paper proposes a classified scheduling method for different types of EV owners. According to charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) data of EV owners, the K-means clustering algorithm (K-means) is used to classify EV owners, and the demand response (DR) model is established based on the classification results. The DR model is designed to account for the diverse responses of different EV owners, and the price elasticity, time gap elasticity, and preference time elasticity are important factors in the model. This paper adopts the maximization of smart grid’s revenue as the optimization objective through three approaches: (1) modifying the charging and V2G of EV; (2) obtaining V2G prices for all types of EV; and then (3) adjusting the power output of each unit. To evaluate the proposed method, the IEEE 10-unit system is employed for simulation, and the optimization problem is solved using the CPLEX solver. Compared to previous studies, the proposed classified scheduling method exhibits significant improvements in terms of revenue maximization, load distribution among different types of EVs, generation cost savings, and load variance reduction.