Analysis of six different homologues of phosphatidylethanol from dried blood spots using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Aboutara, Nadine; Jungen, Hilke; Szewczyk, Anne; Sterneck, Martina; Müller, Alexander; Iwersen‐Bergmann, Stefanie

doi:10.1002/dta.2910

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…DBS were left to dry for at least 3 h and then stored in Ziploc bags with a desiccant bag until analysis. PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were analyzed from the DBS as previously described in detail 25 . In brief: one spot was used as a whole (20 μl), extracted with 1 ml methanol (MeOH) (containing the deuterated internal standards) in a disposable glass tube on a sample shaker.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight hundred microliters was transferred into a vial and evaporated. After reconstitution in MeOH and acetate buffer (90:10 [vol%]) and vortexing, the sample analyses were carried out on a tandem‐quadrupole mass spectrometer (XEVO TQ‐S; Waters, Milford, MA, USA) 25 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were analyzed from the DBS as previously described in detail. 25 In brief: one spot was used as a whole (20 μl), extracted with 1 ml methanol (MeOH) (containing the deuterated internal standards) in a disposable glass tube on a sample shaker. Eight hundred microliters was transferred into a vial and evaporated.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Of Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After reconstitution in MeOH and acetate buffer (90:10 [vol%]) and vortexing, the sample analyses were carried out on a tandemquadrupole mass spectrometer (XEVO TQ-S; Waters, Milford, MA, USA). 25 Limit of detection (LOD) for both analyzed PEth homologues is 3.9 ng/ml. Limit of quantification (LOQ) is 8.6 ng/ml for PEth 16:0/18:1 and 6.2 ng/ml for PEth 16:0/18:2.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysis Of Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion

Aboutara

Jungen

Szewczyk

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Phosphatidylethanol in blood has gained recognition as a direct alcohol biomarker. Although different cutoffs have been suggested, there is no consensus for differentiating abstinence from alcohol consumption. In this study, 75 participants (72% female) consumed 20 g of ethanol on three consecutive evenings. Blood was sampled on each following day and PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 were determined. PEth 16:0/18:1 ranged from 8.9–21.5, 8.7–19.3, and 8.8–42.3 ng/ml and PEth 16:0/18:2 from 8.7–31.7, 9.0–39.3, and 9.4–43.0 ng/ml after the respective days of ethanol consumption. PEth 16:0/18:1 yielded a sensitivity of 25%, 45%, and 49% and PEth 16:0/18:2 of 40%, 61%, and 68% for the consumption days, respectively (cutoff 10 ng/ml). PEth 16:0/18:1 reached >20 ng/ml in five samples overall. Sensitivity of PEth 16:0/18:2 > 20 ng/ml was better with 35% after the three drinking days. Overall, PEth 16:0/18:1 was >35 ng/ml in one sample and PEth 16:0/18:2 in three samples. Significantly, more women had PEth 16:0/18:1 > 10 ng/ml after the third day of consuming 20 g of alcohol (p = 0.02) and PEth 16:0/18:2 > 10 ng/ml after the second (p = 0.023) and the third (p = 0.002) consumption, which can be led back to the higher blood alcohol concentration women reach after consuming the same alcohol amount as men. Although the response rates of PEth to alcohol uptake are subject to strong interindividual differences, results suggest that PEth cutoff should be lowered for better detection of consumption of low to medium amounts of alcohol. Furthermore, it is advantageous to analyze both PEth 16:0/18:2 and 16:0/18:1.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling and Analysis Of Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling and Analysis Of Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion

Aboutara

Jungen

Szewczyk

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Phosphatidylethanol is an important direct biomarker for alcohol intake [1][2][3][4]. 'Phosphatidylethanol' refers to a range of different phosphatidylethanol analogues, with the most abundant analogue phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (in what follows 'PEth') being typically monitored [5][6][7][8][9]. Alone or in combination with other biomarkers, monitoring of PEth increases the sensitivity of detecting alcohol consumption [1,5,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Set‐up of a population‐based model to verify alcohol abstinence via monitoring of the direct alcohol marker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1

et al. 2022

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Background and aims Phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth) is a biomarker for alcohol intake. It has a half‐life of 7.9 days. Chronic alcohol consumption causes high PEth values. It can take weeks before PEth values fall below the decision limit for ‘alcohol abstinence’. Our aim was to validate whether alcohol abstinence can be determined based on two consecutive PEth results above the decision limit. Design Observational study. Setting Belgium, February 2019. The study was linked to a social initiative in Belgium, ‘Tournée Minérale’. Participants Adults (aged > 18 years, n = 796) with varying drinking habits who self‐reportedly refrained from alcohol consumption during the study. Measurements A validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was used to quantify PEth in participants’ dried blood samples, collected at three time‐points via remote fingerprick‐based self‐sampling. Findings A population‐based algorithm to evaluate abstinence based on 95% prediction limits was developed by fitting a linear mixed‐effect model to discern patterns in PEth elimination over time. It took intra‐ and inter‐individual variability into consideration. The algorithm was included in a two‐step decision tree, assessing whether (i) PEth values fell within the prediction interval and (ii) the slope between two PEth values was consistent with no alcohol consumption. Data for 74 participants reporting no alcohol intake during the study were used for validation. With a detection limit of ‘four units spread over 14 days’, the sensitivity and specificity of the decision tree was 89%. Conclusions Claims of alcohol abstinence can be verified using a two‐step decision tree for phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 values, even when those values are above the limit for ‘alcohol abstinence’.

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Stability of PEth 16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4, 18:0/18:1, 18:0/18:2, and 18:1/18:1 in authentic whole blood samples (at room temperature)

Aboutara

Jungen

Szewczyk

et al. 2023

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct alcohol biomarker to monitor individuals' drinking behavior that has gained recognition in clinical and forensic settings. The increasing application of the marker makes investigation of the preanalytical handling necessary, and analyte stability deserves major attention. This study was conducted to investigate the change of six PEth homologues' concentration, stored in authentic samples of EDTA blood over a course of 30 days at room temperature (n = 62). The stability criterion of concentration being ±15% of the original concentration was fulfilled at mean for 10, 3, 2, 5, 2, and 7 days for PEth 16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4, 18:0/18:1, 18:0/18:2, and 18:1/18:1, respectively. Regarding all homologues, there were samples in which concentration had declined by >15% or by more than the critical difference on day 1. Overall, calculated concentration declines were very inhomogeneous, with inter‐sample differences of 43%–73% after 30 days. PEth 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4, and 18:0/18:2 declined to a greater extent than PEth 16:0/18:1. Blood alcohol concentration was measured >0.1‰ in 25 samples. Three of the six samples that exceeded 115% of initial concentrations were positive for blood alcohol. The study results add to the previously reported information on PEth stability and firstly look at six homologues in comparison.Due to the high scatter of stability among the samples and the observed poor stabilities in some, it can be concluded that transportation and storage times, especially if cooling cannot be provided, must be kept short. If analyzing from dried blood, spotting should preferably be conducted at the site of sampling.

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Analysis of six different homologues of phosphatidylethanol from dried blood spots using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion

PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 after consumption of low doses of alcohol—A contribution to cutoff discussion

Set‐up of a population‐based model to verify alcohol abstinence via monitoring of the direct alcohol marker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1

Stability of PEth 16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4, 18:0/18:1, 18:0/18:2, and 18:1/18:1 in authentic whole blood samples (at room temperature)

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