Analysis of simplified time of liquefaction triggering methods by laboratory tests, physical modelling and numerical analysis

The damage caused by seismic shaking and liquefaction-induced permanent ground deformation has conventionally been assessed as two separate problems often by different engineers. However, the two problems are inherently linked, since ground shaking causes liquefaction, and liquefaction-induced soil softening affects ground shaking. Modelling both problems within a single numerical model is complex for both the engineer and the software, and most finite element software only have the capabilities to address one of them. To improve the estimates of the seismic performance of buildings on liquefiable soil, a new sub-structuring approach is proposed called the macro-mechanism approach. This approach allows the soil-liquefaction-foundation-structure interaction to be considered in a series of sub-models accounting for the major nonlinear mechanisms of the system at a macro level. The proposed approach was implemented in the open-source finite element software OpenSees and then applied to a case study of a building where significant liquefaction-and shaking-induced damage was observed after the 1999 Mw 7.4 Kocaeli Earthquake. The case study building was also simulated using two different commercial software programs, the finite difference software FLAC, and the finite element software PLAXIS, by two different research teams. A comparison between the results from the macromechanism approach compared to full numerical models shows that the macro-mechanism approach can capture the extent of the foundation deformation and provide more realistic estimates of the building damage than full approaches since the FLAC and PLAXIS models consider elastic elements for the building.

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PERL: a dataset of geotechnical, geophysical, and hydrogeological parameters for earthquake-induced hazards assessment in Terre del Reno (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

Varone¹,

Carbone²,

Baris³

et al. 2023

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In 2012, the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) was struck by a seismic crisis characterized by two main shocks (ML 5.9 and 5.8) which triggered relevant liquefaction events. Terre del Reno is one of the municipalities that experienced the most extensive liquefaction effects due to its complex geostratigraphic and geomorphological setting. This area is indeed located in a floodplain characterized by lenticular fluvial channel bodies associated with crevasse and levee clay–sand alternations, related to the paleo-Reno River. Therefore, it was chosen as a case study for the PERL project, which aims to define a new integrated methodology to assess the liquefaction susceptibility in complex stratigraphic conditions through a multi-level approach. To this aim, about 1800 geotechnical, geophysical, and hydrogeological investigations from previous studies and new realization surveys were collected and stored in the PERL dataset. This dataset is here publicly disclosed, and some possible applications are reported to highlight its potential.

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Analysis of simplified time of liquefaction triggering methods by laboratory tests, physical modelling and numerical analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

An uncoupled approach for estimating seismic-induced pore water pressures in liquefiable sandy soils

An uncoupled approach for estimating seismic-induced pore water pressures in liquefiable sandy soils

Macromechanism Approach for Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings on Shallow Foundations in Liquefied Soils

PERL: a dataset of geotechnical, geophysical, and hydrogeological parameters for earthquake-induced hazards assessment in Terre del Reno (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)

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