“…3–6 Therefore, selective detection of Fe 3+ in water, drugs, food, and the environment is essential. Sophisticated methods relying on instruments such as colorimetric methods, 7 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 8 voltammetry, 9 and atomic absorption spectrometry 10 have been well established for the highly accurate and sensitive detection of Fe 3+ . However, these methods are expensive and time-consuming, and in situ , on-site, and instantaneous visual detection cannot be achieved.…”