Analysis of Shielding Properties of Head Covers Made of Conductive Materials in Application to 5G Wireless Systems

Abstract

The introduction of the fifth generation wireless systems caused social emotions regarding the impact of electromagnetic waves on people. Many people who consider themselves to be particularly sensitive to radiation make metal foil head covers (so called “tinfoil hats”) to shield their body from radiation. The aim of this paper is to show how effective the “tinfoil hat” really is when applied to base station radiation in a fifth generation telecommunication system. It presents the results of investigation on effectiveness of these protections in terms of their shielding properties at the frequencies used in fifth generation wireless systems. The research was carried out based on computer simulations. Remcom XFdtd software (software: XFdtd version 7.8.1 manufacturer: Remcom, 315 South Allen Street, Suite 416 State College, PA, USA) utilizing a finite difference time domain method and a numerical model of the head was applied to obtain the data on shielding properties of conductive head covers. It was found that in the case of foil head covers the maximum reduction factor of power density in the head region is approximately 50%. Furthermore, the application of a metal surface shield increases the maximum value of energy absorbed by human tissue in some regions of the head. To overcome this problem, the design of a wire-based shielding structure that does not reduce user comfort is presented as an alternative to the full-metal head cover. For wave propagation in the horizontal plane, its performance is comparable to tinfoil-like structure, but its design makes it much more comfortable for the user.

Eye Shielding against Electromagnetic Radiation: Optimal Design Using a Reduced Model of the Head

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Study of the characteristics of broadband matching antennas for fifth-generation mobile communications based on new composite materials

“…The analysis of new composite materials in the context of broadband matching antennas provides unique opportunities to improve the performance of modern mobile communications, thereby creating new prospects for the development of related technologies and sustainable growth in the field of mobile networks. Compared with 4G communication, 5G communication has notable improvements in throughput, channel capacity, latency, and other aspects [1], [2]. 5G radio systems require new and more efficient antenna designs.…”

A Nonstandard Path Integral Model for Curved Surface Analysis

“…To evade these difficulties, an assortment of proficient techniques has been proposed (and summarized in [8]), ranging from curvilinear or nonorthogonal FDTD variations to modified Cartesian and conformal algorithms. Nonetheless, the research on this significant topic is constantly escalating, thus leading to various schemes which offer treatment to many contemporary applications from the microwave and optical regime [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and paving the way to the trustworthy analysis of many future state-of-the-art scientific fields [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Therefore, the manipulation of arbitrarily-curved surfaces or material interfaces via a staircase model deteriorates the reliability of any FDTD-based approach and, particularly, of the NS-FDTD scheme, whose stencils must be very carefully selected.…”