Analysis of Salivary Protein Profiles and its Viscosity in Early Childhood Caries (A Cross-Sectional Study)

Comparison of oral cavity protein abundance among caries-free and caries-affected individuals—a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Electrophoresis-based analysis showed higher levels of positive-charged proteins on the saliva of caries-affected individuals ( 58 ). Moreover, protein bands of 15 kDa (suspected as cystatin), 25 kDa (suspected as basic PRPs), 60 kDa (suspected as alpha-amylase), 65 kDa (suspected as serum albumin), and 95 kDa (suspected as the secretory component of IgA) were more frequently found in caries-free individuals ( 44 ), whereas 17 kDa protein band was more frequently found in caries-active ones ( 25 ) ( Supplementary Table S10 ).…”

“…In three studies included in this review, cystatin and albumin concentrations were higher in the oral cavity of caries-free individuals ( 36 , 44 , 52 ) ( Supplementary Table S10 ). This result agrees with other studies showing higher cystatin concentration in the saliva or in the dental plaque of caries-free individuals ( 114 , 121 , 122 ) This association is plausible since cystatin exerts an antimicrobial effect by acting as a proteinase inhibitor (cysteine proteinase type) ( 123 , 124 ), and it also contributes to the maintenance of calcium supersaturation onto the tooth surface, a function also played by PRPs, histatins, and statherins ( 125 ).…”

“…Furthermore, similar levels of statherins and agglutinins are found in the oral cavity of caries-free and of caries-affected individuals, this finding being reported by only one study included in this systematic review ( 51 , 54 ) ( Supplementary Table S10 ). However, conflicting results were observed in relation to the concentration of mucin, PRPs, and histatin ( 33 , 44 , 51 , 54 , 60 ) among caries-free and caries-affected individuals ( Supplementary Table S10 ). MUC5B has a high affinity for hydroxyapatite, which tends to inhibit microbial adhesion onto the tooth surface ( 127 – 130 ).…”

Physical and chemical properties of saliva and its role in Early Childhood caries – A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Few studies have evaluated the salivary viscosity of children with and without ECC, and stated that salivary viscosity was higher in children with ECC and caries -free children have low viscous and watery saliva. 33 , 40 , 45 This highly viscous saliva is less effective in oral clearance and could be a contributing factor for ECC.…”

“…Bachtiar EW and Bhalla et al et al assessed the electrophoretic profile of salivary protein using SDS page and stated that Proline Rich Protein was found to be higher in caries free children, explaining its protective role. 37 , 45 In addition, Bachtiar et al found a decreased frequency of occurrence of cysteine and albumin in children with ECC. 45 …”