Analysis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis

Abstract

A number of markers show promise as sensitive measures of disease and the effectiveness of therapy. At this time, host-derived enzymes and other inflammatory mediators orginating from the gingival crevice appear to hold the greatest promise as salivary diagnostic tests for periodontal disease. Longer-term longitudinal studies, however, are required to establish the relationship between specific markers and progression of periodontal disease. Furthermore, analysis of saliva may offer a cost-effective approach to assessment of periodontal disease in large populations.

Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Saliva of Patients with Renal Failure and Periodontal Disease

“…Apart from inflammatory gingival fluid being the primary cause for the increase of HGF level in oral cavity, 10 other sources may also be the cause for the increase: saliva, nasal mucosal secretion, paranasal sinuses, and bronchi (in case of even subclinical inflammatory condition) as well as blood coming from small cuts within oral cavity. 32,33 We must also not forget a possible influence of the HD treatment itself on the HGF concentration in saliva. It is known that during a HD procedure the HGF concentration in the blood plasma increases considerably as a result of HGF release from proteoglycan complexes under the influence of exogenous heparin.…”

Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease from Saliva Samples Using Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy Coupled with Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis

“…26 Whole saliva consists of a mixture of fluids such as water, proteins, and electrolytes secreted by the salivary glands; non-salivary components derived from the GCF; oral bacteria, including their enzymes and bacterial products; viruses and fungi; blood and serum cells, desquamated epithelial cells; and food debris. 27,28 Therefore, it is thought that the saliva of patients with periodontal disease contains not only pathogenic bacteria and their products but also immunological proteins secreted during the biological response. Saliva samples can be easily collected from patients, and therefore, it can be assessed for the diagnosis of periodontal disease during early-stage clinical trials.…”

Levels of Immunoglobulin A1 in Peri-Implant Fluid and Saliva from Patients with Mucositis: A Preliminary Study

“…The IgA1 predominates in serum, teeth and implants, and is a compound of sulcular fluid (3,5), while IgA2 is found in higher concentrations in external secretions like saliva (1,5). Both IgAs are found in saliva and sulcular fluid due to the intimate contact between the secretions (2,3,5,6).…”

“…Both IgAs are found in saliva and sulcular fluid due to the intimate contact between the secretions (2,3,5,6). The high levels of salivary IgA might protect against the development of gingivitis (1,5). In the same way, IgA in sulcular fluid seems to have a protective function (4), which may be related to the lack of complement activation (1,3).…”