Analysis of rotational and hyperfine structure in holmium monoxide

The permanent electric dipole moment of holmium monoxide, HoO

“…1. The transition frequency measurements of the current molecular beam spectra are approximately a factor of 10 more accurate than those in the previous Doppler limited measurements of [2]. The spectrum of Fig.…”

“…The analysis of the 50 measured field-free features of the 0,0 band of the [17.6]7.5-X 1 8.5 system was analogous to that previously performed [2]. The energy levels of the two states were modeled using the expression:…”

“…The matrix represen- (17.6(X =7.5)) fixed to 0.93 · 10 À7 cm À1 ; D v (X 1 (X = 8.5) fixed to 2.51 · 10 À7 cm À1 [2]. , v = 0 states were calculated to a level of accuracy commensurate with the measurement uncertainty in the relative optical frequency (@10 MHz) by truncating the representation to the range of F values associated with a given J.…”

“…Unraveling the complex electronic spectra of simple lanthanide molecules, such as HoO [1,2], is particularly challenging because of the high density of low-lying states and large spin-orbit splitting and interactions. The near degeneracy of the multitude of states arising from the various arrangements of the electrons in the non-filled f-orbital is a consequence of the 4f orbitals being strongly contracted towards the nucleus and shielded by the outermost 5s and 5p closed shells from fields outside the atom [3].…”

Hyperfine structure in the X8, A[19.1]9 and B[21.68]8 states of HoF and X8 and A[15.6]9 state of HoCl

“…Holmium (Ho) is a prime candidate among the lanthanides as it has a single isotope with nuclear spin I = 7/2 and a very large magnetic moment. An important portion of these studies has therefore been devoted to holmium-containing molecules, HoO [1][2][3][4], HoS [5,6] and the halides HoF [7,8] and HoCl [9,10]. For HoO and HoS, the eight hyperfine components of the rotational lines in the observed electronic transitions were well resolved even at the Doppler limited resolution ($900 MHz) in a Broida oven.…”