Analysis of Rice Act 5' Region Activity in Transgenic Rice Plants

Zhang, Wanggen; McElroy, D.L.; Wü, Ray

doi:10.2307/3869223

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3B). To obtain additional evidence of this, PG1 was introduced into lax-2 plants under the control of a rice Actin promoter that confers strong and constitutive expression in rice (26). Five independent transgenic lines were generated, and three plants showed a rescued panicle phenotype and additional effects caused by ectopic LAX expression (described below).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LAX and SPA : Major regulators of shoot branching in rice

Komatsu

Maekawa

Ujiie

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

358

340

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The aerial architecture of plants is determined primarily by the pattern of shoot branching. Although shoot apical meristem initiation during embryogenesis has been extensively studied by molecular genetic approaches using Arabidopsis, little is known about the genetic mechanisms controlling axillary meristem initiation, mainly because of the insufficient number of mutants that specifically alter it. We identified the LAX PANICLE (LAX) and SMALL PANICLE (SPA) genes as the main regulators of axillary meristem formation in rice. LAX encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and is expressed in the boundary between the shoot apical meristem and the region of new meristem formation. This pattern of LAX expression was repeatedly observed in every axillary meristem, consistent with our observation that LAX is involved in the formation of all types of axillary meristems throughout the ontogeny of a rice plant. Ectopic LAX expression in rice caused pleiotropic effects, including dwarfing, an altered pattern of stem elongation, darker color, bending of the lamina joint, absence of the midribs of leaves, and severe sterility. O rganogenesis occurs in plants throughout their lifetimes. The main axis of growth is determined by the production of two meristems: a primary shoot apical meristem (SAM) and a root meristem at embryogenesis. During postembryonic development, plants initiate a multitude of growth axes by forming new meristems called axillary meristems, which are generated in the axils of leaves and give rise to branch shoots and flowers (1). Therefore, the pattern of axillary meristem initiation and development is a key factor in determining plant architecture. Significant progress has been made on the molecular genetic analysis of SAM initiation during embryo development; however, little is known about the initiation of axillary meristems.The development of an axillary meristem is controlled by two distinctive steps, namely, the initiation of a new meristem in the axil of a leaf and its outgrowth. Mutations that exhibit an altered pattern of axillary bud outgrowth have been described for various plant species (1), e.g., Arabidopsis auxin resistant1 (2), supershoot (3), max1, and max2 (4) and maize teosinte branched (5). On the other hand, there are only a few mutants in which the axillary meristem initiation is specifically altered. Maize barren inflorescence 2 (bif2) (6) and barren stalk1 (ba1) (7), Arabidopsis revoluta (rev) (8, 9), tomato lateral suppressor (ls) (10) and lateral suppressor of Arabidopsis (las), its cognate ortholog in Arabidopsis (11), tomato blind (bl) (12), and rice lax panicle (lax) (13) and monoculm 1(moc1) (14) are categorized in this class of mutants. The bif2 and ba1 exhibit severe suppression of all types of axillary meristems, implying that they are involved in genetic pathways controlling the general steps of axillary meristem initiation. Similarly, defects are observed in all types of lateral branches in tomato bl and Arabidopsis rev; however, the expressivity of their mut...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LAX and SPA : Major regulators of shoot branching in rice

Komatsu

Maekawa

Ujiie

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

358

340

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“…Moreover, monocotyledonous genes are not always expressed in an expected manner when introduced into transgenic dicotyledonous plants (Lamppa et al, 1985;Keith and Chua, 1986). In contrast, highly regulated expression of reporter genes directed by monocotyledonous promoters in transgenic rice (Oyza sativa) plants (Kyozuka et al, 1991;Tada et al, 1991;Zhang et al, 1991;Terada et al, 1993) has indicated that this in vivo assay system can be used for the analysis of promoters not only of rice genes but also of genes from other monocotyledonous species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Regulated and Cell-Specific Expression of Tomato rbcS-gusA and Rice rbcS-gusA Fusion Genes in Transgenic Rice

Kyozuka¹,

McElroy²,

Hayakawa³

et al. 1993

Plant Physiol.

129

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A previously isolated rice (Oryza sativa) rbcS gene was further characterized. This analysis revealed specific sequences in the 5' regulatory region of the rice rbcS gene that are conserved in rbcS genes of other monocotyledonous species. In transgenic rice plants, we examined the expression of the 8-glucuronidase (gusA) reporter gene directed by the 2.8-kbpromoter region of the rice rbcS gene. To examine differences in the regulation of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous rbcS promoters, the activity of a tomato rbcS promoter was also investigated in transgenic rice plants. Our results indicated that both rice and tomato rbcS promoters confer mesophyll-specific expression of the gusA reporter gene in transgenic rice plants and that this expression is induced by light. However, the expression level of the rice rbcS-gusA gene was higher than that of the tomato rbcS-gusA gene, suggesting the presence of quantitative differences in the activity of these particular monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous rbcS promoters in transgenic rice. Histochemical analysis of rbcS-gusA gene expression showed that the observed light induction was only found in mesophyll cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the light regulation of rice rbcS-gusA gene expression was primarily at the level of mRNA accumulation. We show that the rice rbcS gene promoter should be useful for expression of agronomically important genes for genetic engineering of monocotyledonous species.Expression of the Rubisco small subunit genes (rbcS), which are regulated both developmentally and by light (for review,

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“…The activity of the Actl promoter in germinating pol len was investigated using ^-glucuronidase (GUS; Jef ferson et al 1987) as a reporter following bombardment of pollen with the plasmid pActl-D (McElroy et al 1991). These experiments showed that the pattern of accumulation of 'Actl directed GUS activity in pollen tubes of tobacco was very similar to that of the lat52 promoter using either GUS or LUC as a reporter (data not shown).…”

Section: Timecourse Of Lat52-and Actl-directed Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For the analysis of gene expression in pollen, micropro jectile bombardment was utilized to introduce two differ ent promoters: lat52 (Twell et al 1990) and Actl (McElroy et al 1990, Zhang et al 1991. These were linked to the E. coli /5-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (gusA) in plasmids pLAT52-7 and pActl-D, respectively.…”

Section: Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of gene regulation in growing pollen tubes of angiosperm and gymnosperm species using microprojectile bombardment

Martinussen¹,

Bate²,

Weterings³

et al. 1995

Physiologia Plantarum

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A microprojectile based transient expression assay was used to investigate the func tional conservation of gene regulatory mechanisms in the male gametophytes of an angiosperm (.Nicotiana tabacum) and two gymnospermous (Picea abies and Pinus pinaster) species. The activities of two angiosperm gene promoters, which have previously shown to be either preferentially expressed in the male gametophyte (lat52) or highly expressed in both the sporophyte and male gametophyte (A ct\), were analysed. The results showed that in P. abies and P. : pinaster, activity of the Actl promoter was significantly higher than the activity of the lat52 promoter, while the converse was observed in N. tabacum. Detailed analysis of Iat52 5' promoter deletions demonstrated that although the minimal -67 bp lat52 core promoter was active at low levels in all three species, upstream regulatory elements conserved among several pollen-expressed genes, including the PBI element, were not functional in P. abies and P. pinaster. These results suggest that both taxa-specific and conserved regulatory mechanisms operate Lo control gene expression during pollen germination and tube growth.

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Analysis of Rice Act 5' Region Activity in Transgenic Rice Plants

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

LAX and SPA : Major regulators of shoot branching in rice

LAX and SPA : Major regulators of shoot branching in rice

Light-Regulated and Cell-Specific Expression of Tomato rbcS-gusA and Rice rbcS-gusA Fusion Genes in Transgenic Rice

Analysis of gene regulation in growing pollen tubes of angiosperm and gymnosperm species using microprojectile bombardment

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