Analysis of retrofit air source heat pump performance: Results from detailed simulations and comparison to field trial data

Kelly, Nick; Cockroft, Jeremy

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.09.018

Cited by 114 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In 2010 the EST [17] published a field trial report on heat pumps in the UK that identified that heat pumps performed at efficiency levels between 160%-220% and 180%-300% for air and ground source respectively, as illustrated in Figure 1. One other study conducted by Croft [18] had results broadly consistent with EST data. When the published studies are investigated more closely, it is concerning that many of the sites studied are clustered geographically and there is no indication whether this may skew the results in terms of ambient temperature, humidity, exposure, etc.…”

Section: Heat Pump Performance-the Realitysupporting

confidence: 66%

Modelling the Contribution of Domestic Heat Pumps to Delivering UK Energy Policy Objectives

Braun

Rowley

2013

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The UK Government has ambitious targets for CO 2 emissions reductions, particularly for the domestic housing stock. One technology that is expected to contribute significantly is heat pumps, both air and ground source. However, recent field trial results suggest that heat pumps in the UK are not delivering to performance expectations. This paper looks at the implications of these results for the UK housing stock's future CO 2 emissions. The English Housing Condition Survey dataset is used as the basis for a Monte Carlo simulation in order to model CO 2 emissions and energy consumption for the whole of English housing stock out to 2050. The results suggest that, given the current UK electricity grid CO 2 emission factor, in the short term poor heat pump performance could lead to a rise in emissions where natural gas boilers are displaced. In the longer term, heat pumps can realise emissions reductions when installed at high penetration levels when combined with a grid decarbonisation strategy. Until grid decarbonisation occurs, an alternative phased strategy is proposed that includes phased replacement of resistive electric heating, first in households in fuel poverty and then the remainder of properties with this heating type. Following this phased strategy, real emissions savings are possible along with a potential reduction in fuel poverty.

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Section: Heat Pump Performance-the Realitysupporting

confidence: 66%

Modelling the Contribution of Domestic Heat Pumps to Delivering UK Energy Policy Objectives

Braun

Rowley

2013

Applied Sciences

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“…The fitted equations each involve 6 coefficients (12 in all). Kelly and Cockcroft [18] develop a secondorder dynamic model with parameters fitted from experimental data for domestic air-source heat pumps and then used to compare with results from field monitoring. Results are good at low ambient air temperatures but the model tended to over-predict performance at higher temperatures though this was brought into good alignment when temperature compensation was disabled which helped to reveal inappropriate operation in the field.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric modelling of domestic air-source heat pumps

Underwood

Royapoor

Sturm

2017

Energy and Buildings

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A new domestic air-source heat pump model is proposed which can be parameterised either from field data, experimental data or manufacturers' standard rating data. The model differs from the much more prevalent system-side regression models for these types of heat pumps in that it operates on refrigerant-side variables. This makes it more suited to detailed performance analyses of heat pumps in service. Because both field data and manufacturers' data can be used for parameterising the model, it can be used to investigate problems associated with the building performance gap where a heat pump is used. A new type of efficiency-based compressor model is developed which enables compressor performance to be directly compared with alternatives and a model of defrosting is included by introducing a new defrost discounting term. Results tested using data from a field monitoring site and from a laboratory installation show good predictive behaviour by the model especially at low source air temperatures. When the model is fitted using manufacturer's standard rating data, a performance gap is evident when compared with the model fitted to field data but the gap is generally nominal.

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“…Recent research has explored the carbon saving potential of groundcoupled heat pumps, and identified possible barriers to such savings, especially with regards the domestic retrofit sector [3]. Subsequent research [4] evaluated air source heat pump performance within a UK retrofit context, and suggested that carbon emission reduction of up to 12% were feasible compared to a gas boiler system, but with a projected 10% increase in running costs, depending on specific application parameters. Therefore, within such a distributed power generation and distribution framework, the option to employ a degree of demand management by shifting loads from peak to off-peak periods offers an advantage with regards reduced need for extra generation capacity and an increased utilisation of generating plant and hence increased efficiency of generation investment [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards low carbon homes – A simulation analysis of building-integrated air-source heat pump systems

Cabrol

Rowley

2012

Energy and Buildings

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Analysis of retrofit air source heat pump performance: Results from detailed simulations and comparison to field trial data

Cited by 114 publications

References 10 publications

Modelling the Contribution of Domestic Heat Pumps to Delivering UK Energy Policy Objectives

Modelling the Contribution of Domestic Heat Pumps to Delivering UK Energy Policy Objectives

Parametric modelling of domestic air-source heat pumps

Towards low carbon homes – A simulation analysis of building-integrated air-source heat pump systems

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