Analysis of Retinal Peripapillary Segmentation in Early Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Salobrar‐García, Elena; Hoyas, Irene; Leal, Mercedes; Hoz, Rosa de; Rojas, Blanca; Ramírez, Ana I.; Salazar, Juan J.; Yubero, Raquel; Gil, Pedro; Triviño, Alberto; Ramı́rez, José M.

doi:10.1155/2015/636548

Cited by 65 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…In other study, Gao et al [25] evaluated 25 patients with AD and found a significant reduction of macular volume in these patients. Salobrar-Garcia et al [50] also demonstrated a preferential reduction of macular parameters in mild-AD patients. In this study, the peripapilary RNFL thickness was thinner, but did not reach a significant difference compared with age-matched controls, suggesting a preferential involvement of the macula in early stages of the disease.…”

Section: Macular Thickness Measurements In Alzheimer’s Disease Patientsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of optical coherence tomography in Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and its incidence is increasing worldwide along with population aging. Previous clinical and histologic studies suggest that the neurodegenerative process, which affects the brain, may also affect the retina of AD patients.Main bodyOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technology that acquires cross-sectional images of retinal structures allowing neural fundus integrity assessment. Several previous studies demonstrated that both peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness measurements assessed by OCT were able to detect neuronal loss in AD. Moreover, recent advances in OCT technology, have allowed substantial enhancement in ultrastructural evaluation of the macula, enabling the assessment not only of full-thickness retinal measurements but also of inner retinal layers, which seems to be a promising approach, mainly regarding the assessment of retinal ganglion cell layer impairment in AD patients. Furthermore, retinal neuronal loss seems to correlate with cognitive impairment in AD, reinforcing the promising role of OCT in the clinical evaluation of these patients.ConclusionThe purpose of this article is to review the main findings on OCT in AD patients, to discuss the role of this important diagnostic tool in these patients and how OCT technology may be useful in understanding morphological retinal changes in AD.

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Section: Macular Thickness Measurements In Alzheimer’s Disease Patientsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of optical coherence tomography in Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2016

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“…In addition, one study using SD-OCT showed a diffuse reduction of the RNFL and GCL combined in AD [49], although the authors were not able to determinate which layer was most affected by AD. Later studies have demonstrated IPL thinning in AD patients [41,50,52,56,57]. This reduction of ganglion cell complex thickness (GC-IPL and RNFL layers) in AD occurs to a larger extent than that accounted for age-related GC-IPL loss alone (about 0.3 μm/ year) [54].…”

Section: Pathological Changes In the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, invivo studies have shown reduced macular thickness and volume in patients with AD [44,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54].…”

Section: Pathological Changes In the Retina And Optic Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s disease: A review of its visual system neuropathology. Optical coherence tomography—a potential role as a study tool in vivo

Cunha

Moura-Coelho

Proença

et al. 2016

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent, long-term progressive degenerative disorder with great social impact. It is currently thought that, in addition to neurodegeneration, vascular changes also play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Visual symptoms are frequent and are an early clinical manifestation; a number of psychophysiologic changes occur in visual function, including visual field defects, abnormal contrast sensitivity, abnormalities in color vision, depth perception deficits, and motion detection abnormalities. These visual changes were initially believed to be solely due to neurodegeneration in the posterior visual pathway. However, evidence from pathology studies in both animal models of AD and humans has demonstrated that neurodegeneration also takes place in the anterior visual pathway, with involvement of the retinal ganglion cells' (RGCs) dendrites, somata, and axons in the optic nerve. These studies additionally showed that patients with AD have changes in retinal and choroidal microvasculature. Pathology findings have been corroborated in in-vivo assessment of the retina and optic nerve head (ONH), as well as the retinal and choroidal vasculature. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in particular has shown great utility in the assessment of these changes, and it may become a useful tool for early detection and monitoring disease progression in AD. The authors make a review of the current understanding of retinal and choroidal pathological changes in patients with AD, with particular focus on invivo evidence of retinal and choroidal neurodegenerative and microvascular changes using OCT technology.

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“…With OCT, retinal changes are visualized both in ophthalmological disease and in neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies have shown that the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness are reduced in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) [5], Parkinson disease (PD) [6], and AD [7–31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal thickness in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Haan

Verbraak

Visser

et al. 2017

Alz & Dem Diag Ass & Dis Mo

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IntroductionRetinal characteristics are increasingly recognized as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography may reflect the presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed a meta-analysis on retinal thickness in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsWe selected 25 studies with measurements of retinal thickness including 887 AD patients, 216 MCI patients, and 864 HCs that measured retinal thickness. Outcomes were peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness. The main outcome was the standardized mean differences (SMDs). We used STATA to perform the meta-analysis (StataCorp, Texas; version 14.0).ResultsRelative to HCs, AD and MCI patients had lower peripapillary RNFL (SMD 0.98 [CI −1.30, −0.66, P < .0001] and SMD 0.71 [CI −1.24, −0.19, P = .008]). Total macular thickness was decreased in AD patients (SMD 0.88 [CI −1.12, −0.65, P = .000]).DiscussionRetinal thickness is decreased in AD and MCI patients compared to HC. This confirms that neurodegenerative diseases may be reflected by retinal changes.

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Analysis of Retinal Peripapillary Segmentation in Early Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

Cited by 65 publications

References 61 publications

The role of optical coherence tomography in Alzheimer’s disease

The role of optical coherence tomography in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease: A review of its visual system neuropathology. Optical coherence tomography—a potential role as a study tool in vivo

Retinal thickness in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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