Analysis of reinforced concrete plates subjected to impact employing the truss‐like discrete element method

Abstract

A B S T R A C T The prediction of the response of reinforced concrete structures subjected to projectiles impact still presents open questions. These include the rate dependence of material properties, the interaction between concrete and steel reinforcement and the simulation of fracture and fragmentation. Because the appearance of discontinuities in the target structure is difficult to account using a continuum approach, the application of discrete models was developed as an appealing alternative. A version of the discrete model in which nodal masses are linked by an array of uniaxial elements, herein called discrete element method, is used in this study. This method was implemented in the system Abaqus to take advantage of its numerical and post-processing capabilities. A reinforced concrete rectangular plate subjected to impact of a projectile is examined in detail. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results are shown with the aim of validating the proposed method.Keywords hard impact; numerical simulation; reinforced concrete plate; truss-like discrete element method. N O M E N C L A T U R E a = side length of plate A d = area of diagonal elements A d * = equivalent fracture areas of diagonal elements A l * = equivalent fracture areas of longitudinal elements A n = area of normal elements B = coefficient that depends on the boundary conditions and the vibration mode c = volume concentration of the second phase composite C = damping matrix c A = scaling parameter CV = coefficient of variation E = Young's Modulus f duc = function to account for steel-concrete interaction F → r t ð Þ = vector of internal forces acting on the nodal masses G f = specific fracture energy L = length of the element L r = distance to the surrounding steel reinforcement M = mass matrix → P t ð Þ = vector of external forces t = the thickness of plate t = time V = velocity → _ x = velocity vector of generalized nodal masses Correspondence: L. E. Kosteski.

A lattice discrete element method to model the falling-weight impact test of PMMA specimens

“…Rocha et al [30], and more recently Kosteski et al [16], extended the LDEM to account for to the irreversible effects of crack nucleation and propagation. Since then, the method have found applications in the analysis of impulsive loads in shells [28], fracture of elastic foundations on soft sand beds [32], scale effects in concrete [29] and rocks dowels [13,21] and fracture and damage propagation [16,18,22].…”

Normal impact behaviour of C/SiC rigid‐felt titanium alloy three‐layered plate

“…Figure 6(b) shows the relationship between the impact force and the penetration depth when the initial impact velocity varies from 2 to 80 m s À1 for the impact mass of 5.6 kg. (16). When the initial impact velocity of the impactor is beyond 50 m/s, the impact force increases rapidly after contacting titanium layer, and a peek appears at about 13 mm penetration depth.…”

“…Ramakrishnan and Shankar 14 developed the numerical model to investigate deformation and failure of brittle polymeric materials using LS-DYNA. Kosteski et al 16 investigated the response of reinforced concrete plates subjected to projectile impact using a discrete element method implemented in Abaqus. Zhu and Chai 13 investigated the dynamic response and failure mode of fibre-metal laminated panels under low velocity impacts.…”

Non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete slabs under impact effect

“…For this reason, extensive damage and losses may be observed. Various experimental [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and numerical studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] have recently been developed by many scientists to facilitate better understanding of these complex impactrelated situations. The resistance of structural members to impacts has been determined in literature through several experimental studies based on the use of testing apparatuses and essential test devices [22,23].…”